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The Human Respiratory System

Part of the Series in BioEngineering Book Series

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-5388-7

ISBN: 978-1-4471-5387-0

Publisher: Springer London - Springer Journals

Jun 20, 2013

1 - 10 of 10 Chapters

LitStream

Chapter 1Introduction

Ionescu, Clara Mihaela

Pages: 1 –11

[This introductory chapter prepares the background for the pioneer concepts presented in this book. A definition of fractional calculus and fractional signals is required before proceeding in the quest for novel landmarks in biomedical engineering applications. The stage is set by a brief history...
LitStream

Chapter 2The Human Respiratory System

Ionescu, Clara Mihaela

Pages: 13 –22

[This chapter provides a basic knowledge of anatomy and structure of the lungs, necessary to understand further developments in this book. The morphology plays an important role here, so a great deal of attention has been given to its implications in fractal analysis. The mechanical properties of...
LitStream

Chapter 3The Respiratory Impedance

Ionescu, Clara Mihaela

Pages: 23 –37

[This chapter treats the basic principles of estimating the respiratory impedance from measurements performed with the forced oscillation lung function test. First, the non-parametric identification of the respiratory impedance is presented by means of spectral analysis. Next, a comparison with...
LitStream

Chapter 4Modeling the Respiratory Tract by Means of Electrical Analogy

Ionescu, Clara Mihaela

Pages: 39 –54

[From the previous chapter we have seen that parametric models with FO terms may be more efficient in estimating frequency dependent respiratory impedance values. It is therefore necessary to provide a link between the anatomy and morphology of the respiratory tract and the appearance of the...
LitStream

Chapter 5Ladder Network Models as Origin of Fractional-Order Models

Ionescu, Clara Mihaela

Pages: 55 –75

[In this chapter the electrical analogy developed previously is employed in ladder network models. Mathematical concepts are used to show that in the limit (i.e. for a sufficient number of airways) such ladder networks converge to a lumped impedance with a fractional-order term. Symmetric and...
LitStream

Chapter 6Modeling the Respiratory Tree by Means of Mechanical Analogy

Ionescu, Clara Mihaela

Pages: 77 –98

[The developments on the electrical ladder network in previous chapters is used as a mathematical basis to introduce the analogy to mechanical parametric models. The mechanical analogy serves as a theoretical basis for analyzing viscoelastic properties in the lung tissue. A relation between the...
LitStream

Chapter 7Frequency Domain: Parametric Model Selection and Evaluation

Ionescu, Clara Mihaela

Pages: 99 –137

[This chapter provides the reader with insight for selecting the best candidate model to characterize the impedance and further validation in clinical studies. An analysis of the modeling performance of several candidate fractional-order models on the respiratory impedance is necessary, in order...
LitStream

Chapter 8Time Domain: Breathing Dynamics and Fractal Dimension

Ionescu, Clara Mihaela

Pages: 139 –167

[In this chapter we play with our tools in the time domain. The link between fractional order parametric models and time response is achieved by calculating the impulse response of the respiratory system. It is shown that this response is different in healthy volunteers and in patients diagnosed...
LitStream

Chapter 9Non-linear Effects in the Respiratory Impedance

Ionescu, Clara Mihaela

Pages: 169 –196

[This chapter describes the non-linear effects in the respiratory signals and in the related measurement instrumentation during FOT tests. In order to do so, some improvements are brought to the classical FOT device and a mechanical, piston-based prototype FOT device is introduced. This prototype...
LitStream

Chapter 10Conclusions

Ionescu, Clara Mihaela

Pages: 197 –199

[In this book, the airway tree geometry and morphology was addressed to find the origins of the fractional order appearance in impedance models of the respiratory system. These models pose the characteristic of having a constant phase over a frequency interval, suggesting a frequency independent...

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