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Ancient Astronomical Observations and the Study of the Moon’s Motion (1691-1757)

Part of the Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Book Series

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2149-8

ISBN: 978-1-4614-2148-1

Publisher: Springer US - Springer Journals

Dec 27, 2011

1 - 9 of 9 Chapters

LitStream

Chapter 1Introduction

Steele, John M.

Pages: 1 –10

[Halley’s announcement came at the end of a paper discussing the ancient city of Palmyra in Syria and the inscriptions that had been found there. After outlining the history of the city from Classical sources, Halley made some remarks on the inscriptions, noting, for example, that before A.D. 500...
LitStream

Chapter 2Edmond Halley’s Discovery of the Secular Acceleration of the Moon

Steele, John M.

Pages: 11 –21

[Edmond Halley was born in 1656 at Haggerston outside of London and was educated at St Paul’s School, London and Queen’s College, Oxford. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1678. The following year Halley published a catalogue of the stars of the southern sky (the result of a year...
LitStream

Chapter 3A Forgotten Episode in the History of the Secular Acceleration: William Whiston, Arthur Ashley Sykes and the Eclipse of Phlegon

Steele, John M.

Pages: 23 –36

[In 1734 William Whiston published Six Dissertations dealing with biblical history and astronomical chronology. Tucked away in a long discussion of the calculation of ancient eclipses, Whiston referred to Halley’s discovery of the moon’s secular acceleration, remarking that “This I have all along...
LitStream

Chapter 4The Gradual Acceptance of the Existence of the Secular Acceleration During the 1740s

Steele, John M.

Pages: 37 –41

[The 1740s saw a major shift in the way that solar, lunar, and planetary theories were formulated. Continental mathematicians applied the calculus as interpreted by Leibniz in an attempt to solve the three-body problem of the gravitation forces in the Earth–moon–sun system to compute the...
LitStream

Chapter 5Eighteenth-Century Views of Ancient Astronomy

Steele, John M.

Pages: 43 –72

[By the end of the 1740s the existence of the moon’s secular acceleration was widely accepted among astronomers. The magnitude of the acceleration, however, remained unknown, excepting William Whiston’s rushed and unjustified claim that it caused of correction to the time of an eclipse in the...
LitStream

Chapter 6The First Detailed Study of the Moon’s Secular Acceleration: Richard Dunthorne

Steele, John M.

Pages: 73 –94

[By the late 1740s Halley’s claim that there existed a secular acceleration of the moon had been accepted by scientists including Newton, Whiston, and Euler, but the existence of the acceleration still needed to be demonstrated and its size determined from empirical data. The first person to...
LitStream

Chapter 7An Integrated Approach: Tobias Mayer

Steele, John M.

Pages: 95 –122

[Three years after Dunthorne published the first detailed study of the moon’s secular acceleration, Tobias Mayer produced the first set of lunar tables which incorporated the secular acceleration directly into the calculation of the moon’s longitude. Dunthorne had provided a table that allowed a...
LitStream

Chapter 8The Final Synthesis: Jérôme Lalande

Steele, John M.

Pages: 123 –135

[Dunthorne and Mayer had both firmly established the existence of the moon’s secular acceleration, but differed in their determination of its size. Furthermore, neither Dunthore nor Mayer had provided a fully justified term for the effect of the moon’s secular equation in their lunar tables:...
LitStream

Chapter 9Epilogue

Steele, John M.

Pages: 137 –142

[In a little under a decade beginning in 1749 and ending in 1757, the secular acceleration of the moon had gone from being a postulated and fairly widely accepted but still unquantified phenomenon to a proven fact, whose size had been estimated three times with differing but not completely...

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