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The Prehistory of the Sudan

Part of the SpringerBriefs in Archaeology Book Series

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47185-9

ISBN: 978-3-030-47187-3

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Sep 2, 2020

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Chapter 1Paleoenvironments and Sudan’s Geographical Spheres of Influence

Garcea, Elena A. A.

Pages: 1 –14

[The geographical focus of this book is present-day Republic of the Sudan, which became independent in 1956 after which its borders were redefined following the split from South Sudan in 2011. The country’s name derives from a wider geographical region called in Arabic bilād as-sūdān, meaning...
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Chapter 2Humans, the Migrants

Garcea, Elena A. A.

Pages: 15 –41

[Archaeological records in Southwest Asia and the Arabian Peninsula provide hints that Sudan contributed to both the northern and the southern route of the Out-of-Africa hominin dispersals. The northern route that led East African hominins out of their continent into Southwest Asia and onwards...
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Chapter 3The Last Hunter-Gatherers and Their Settlement Systems

Garcea, Elena A. A.

Pages: 43 –66

[Rainfall and temperatures increased at the onset of the Holocene and mosaic zones with water catchments, fish, and game replaced the formerly arid areas of the late Pleistocene (Chap. 1). The climate in the Khartoum area had long wet seasons and a mean annual precipitation around 500 mm at this...
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Chapter 4The Last Hunter-Gatherers and Their Technical Knowledge Accumulation

Garcea, Elena A. A.

Pages: 67 –88

[In addition to intra-site patterning with architectural features described in Chap. 3, the last foragers adopted numerous other technological and social innovations, including systematic productions of pottery, ground stone tools, bone and shell tools, and established recurrent burial customs....
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Chapter 5Food Production: Raising and Trading Domestic Animals and Plants

Garcea, Elena A. A.

Pages: 89 –115

[Local ecosystems responded differently during the 6300-BC (8.2 ka BP) arid and cold event (Clarke et al. 2016; Zerboni 2013; Zerboni and Nicoll 2018). Although aquifer-fed environments in the Sahara deteriorated, Lake Victoria and Lake Tana dropped, and the Nile floodplain and channel systems...
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Chapter 6Cultural and Physical Anthropological Hallmarks of Early Food Producers

Garcea, Elena A. A.

Pages: 117 –139

[Manufacturing processes mirror ongoing phases of technological continuities and discontinuities that became cultural hallmarks expressed in pottery, lithic industries, ground stone tools, bone tools, figurines, ornaments, and funerary customs, including grave goods. Continuities imply...
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Chapter 7Epilogue or Premise? Outcomes of the Later Prehistory

Garcea, Elena A. A.

Pages: 141 –159

[The period between the mid-fourth and the mid-third millennium BC, the focus of this last chapter, is the epilogue of Sudan’s prehistory and the premise of its history. It is the millennium before the rise of the kingdom of Kush with its capital in Kerma and it spans over the time, ca. 3200 BC,...
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Chapter 8Final Reflections

Garcea, Elena A. A.

Pages: 161 –165

[Sudan with its rivers, deserts, and savannas played a crucial role in the evolution and development of complex human behavior and societies in northeastern Africa as well as in a much larger network extending as far as Southwest Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and India. The Nile River is a...

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