DeepDyve eBooks - A Behavior Analyst’s Guide to Supervising Fieldwork, Page 3

Davis, Tonya N.; Akers, Jessica S.

Pages: 461 –490

[Equivalence-based instruction capitalizes on the research on stimulus equivalence that has shown that after teaching some stimulus relations, individuals respond correctly to other stimulus relations without direct teaching. Behavior analysts who effectively use equivalence-based instruction can...

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Chapter 22High-P Instructional Sequence

Davis, Tonya N.; Akers, Jessica S.

Pages: 491 –527

[Antecedent interventions to reduce challenging behavior have many advantages. If an antecedent intervention is effective, it would prevent challenging behavior, and any negative outcomes associated with the challenging behavior, from occurring. A high-probability (high-p) instruction sequence in...

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Chapter 23Extinction and Noncontingent Reinforcement

Davis, Tonya N.; Akers, Jessica S.

Pages: 529 –563

[Extinction is the discontinuation of reinforcement, which terminates the response–reinforcer relation. Procedurally, extinction involves withholding the reinforcer contingent upon the specific behavior. Extinction is an effective behavior reduction intervention, but is associated with a number...

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Chapter 24Differential Reinforcement

Davis, Tonya N.; Akers, Jessica S.

Pages: 565 –593

[Differential reinforcement is the reinforcement of some members of a response class, but not others. Often, differential reinforcement is applied by reinforcing some members of a response class while others are on extinction, but extinction is not a required component of differential...

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Chapter 25Functional Communication Training

Davis, Tonya N.; Akers, Jessica S.

Pages: 595 –620

[Functional communication training (FCT) is a differential reinforcement of an alternative behavior in which the alternative behavior is a socially appropriate, generally recognized communication response. In most cases, clinicians implementing FCT place challenging behavior on extinction, but...

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Chapter 26Punishment

Davis, Tonya N.; Akers, Jessica S.

Pages: 621 –645

[Punishment is when a response is followed by a consequence and the future frequency of this response is suppressed. The technical definition of punishment differs greatly from the layperson’s definition of the word; as a result, punishment is frequently misunderstood. Punishment is classified as...

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Chapter 27Token Economies

Davis, Tonya N.; Akers, Jessica S.

Pages: 647 –664

[Token economies are made up of three interlocking contingencies including the token-production schedule, exchange-production schedule, and token-exchange schedule. Tokens must be paired with several unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers in order to serve as an effective generalized...

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Chapter 28Group Contingencies

Davis, Tonya N.; Akers, Jessica S.

Pages: 665 –689

[Group contingencies offer an efficient way to change behavior for many individuals with a single intervention. Thus, they are particularly advantageous in school and other group settings. In an independent group contingency, a contingency is in place for all group members and any individual who...

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Chapter 29Contingency Contracting

Davis, Tonya N.; Akers, Jessica S.

Pages: 691 –707

[Behavioral contracts are documents that outline the behavior of both the client and the deliverer of the reinforcement and the contingencies which must be met to earn reinforcement. The contract must be negotiated and agreed upon by all contract signees. In this chapter, you will introduce your...

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Chapter 30Self-Management

Davis, Tonya N.; Akers, Jessica S.

Pages: 709 –734

[Self-management is when an individual applies a behavior change intervention to their own behavior. Self-management occurs on a spectrum from self-managing a single component of a behavior change program while a second individual (e.g., clinician) manages the remaining components to managing all...

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