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Rhetorical Perspectives on Argumentation

Part of the Argumentation Library Book Series (volume 24)

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05485-8

ISBN: 978-3-319-05484-1

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Mar 6, 2014

1 - 10 of 20 Chapters

LitStream

Reflections on Making the Case

Zarefsky, David

Pages: 3 –13

[From a rhetorical perspective, arguing involves making a case in an attempt to convince a relevant audience of a claim about what we collectively should do or how we should act. Arguments are often made in public contexts, where norms and conventions are less clearly established than in dialogic...
LitStream

Argument as Hypothesis-Testing

Zarefsky, David

Pages: 15 –24

[This essay proposes that argumentation be understood as a rhetorical analogue to hypothesis-testing in the scientific method. It is a means for determining what should be regarded as true in situations in which empirical methods are not available. The paradigm is described and implications of...
LitStream

Knowledge Claims in Rhetorical Criticism

Zarefsky, David

Pages: 25 –36

[This essay examines the function of argumentation in making and defending critical judgments. When claims cannot be verified empirically, and yet we wish for them to be justified rather than arbitrary or whimsical, argumentation is the method employed. The goal is to convince critical listeners...
LitStream

What Does an Argument Culture Look Like?

Zarefsky, David

Pages: 37 –47

[However the term “culture” is defined, a culture becomes an argument culture when it is characterized by consciousness of audience, comfort with uncertainty, expectation of personal convictions, commitment to justification rather than formal proof, realization that the enterprise is essentially...
LitStream

Reclaiming Rhetoric’s Responsibilities

Zarefsky, David

Pages: 49 –58

[Although rhetoric sometimes seems to be a completely neutral instrument, in fact it has several social responsibilities. Chief among these is the display of public reason, justifying contingent claims in the public forum. Other responsibilities include creating a community through revealing...
LitStream

Product, Process, or Point of View?

Zarefsky, David

Pages: 61 –69

[During the late 1970s significant attention was devoted to different senses of argument, especially the difference between argument as a product and argument as a process. Students of argumentative texts focused on the first; those of interpersonal conversation, on the second. Different...
LitStream

Persistent Questions in the Theory of Argument Fields

Zarefsky, David

Pages: 71 –85

[The concept of a “field” of arguments, introduced by Stephen Toulmin in 1958 with little explanation, seemed to scholars in the late 1970s and early 1980s to be a promising way to imagine standards for arguments that were context-specific. Although several authors explored the topic, little...
LitStream

Strategic Maneuvering in Political Argumentation

Zarefsky, David

Pages: 87 –101

[Although political argumentation is not institutionalized in a formal sense, it does have recurrent patterns and characteristics. Its constraints include the absence of time limits, the lack of a clear terminus, heterogeneous audiences, and the assumption that access is open to all. These...
LitStream

Taking the Jurisprudential Analogy Seriously

Zarefsky, David

Pages: 103 –111

[Both Stephen Toulmin and Chaim Perelman described argumentation as analogous to reasoning in law and jurisprudence, in which judgment rather than demonstration is called for and the exercise is one of justification rather than proof. This essay reviews the critiques of formal reason each...
LitStream

Definitions

Zarefsky, David

Pages: 115 –128

[Definitions play a significant role in argumentation, but that role often appears to be non-argumentative. While there are arguments about definition (in which a proposed definition is the conclusion of the argument) and arguments from definition (in which a stipulated definition is the...

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