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Computing and Philosophy

Part of the Synthese Library Book Series (volume 375)

Editors: Müller, Vincent C.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23291-1

ISBN: 978-3-319-23290-4

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Aug 21, 2015

1 - 10 of 18 Chapters

LitStream

What Is a Computational Constraint?

Bozşahin, Cem

Pages: 3 –16

[The paper argues that a computational constraint is one that appeals to control of computational resources in a computationalist explanation. Such constraints may arise in a theory and in its models. Instrumental use of the same concept is trivial because the constraining behavior of any...
LitStream

Computing Mechanisms and Autopoietic Systems

Dewhurst, Joe

Pages: 17 –26

[This chapter draws an analogy between computing mechanisms and autopoietic systems, focusing on the non-representational status of both kinds of system (computational and autopoietic). It will be argued that the role played by input and output components in a computing mechanism closely...
LitStream

Are Gandy Machines Really Local?

Fano, Vincenzo; Graziani, Pierluigi; Macrelli, Roberto; Tarozzi, Gino

Pages: 27 –44

[This paper discusses the empirical question concerning the physical realization (or implementation) of a computation. We give a precise definition of the realization of a Turing-computable algorithm into a physical situation. This definition is not based, as usual, on an interpretation function...
LitStream

A Refutation of the Church-Turing Thesis According to Some Interpretation of What the Thesis Says

Kapantaïs, Doukas

Pages: 45 –62

[I present a method by which an idealized human calculator can compute the values of the original Ackermann function that is both effective and mechanical, and which no Turing Machine, or calculator isomorphic to a Turing Machine, can successfully bring to an end. Since the algorithm used for...
LitStream

In What Sense Does the Brain Compute?

Schweizer, Paul

Pages: 63 –79

[I analyse the notion of computation in the physical world and argue against the widely held view that merely implementing the ‘right’ sort of computational procedure is sufficient to transform a given configuration of matter and energy into a genuinely mental system. Instead, I advocate a more...
LitStream

Computational Scientific Discovery and Cognitive Science Theories

Addis, Mark; Sozou, Peter D.; Lane, Peter C.; Gobet, Fernand

Pages: 83 –97

[This study is concerned with processes for discovering new theories in science. It considers a computational approach to scientific discovery, as applied to the discovery of theories in cognitive science. The approach combines two ideas. First, a process-based scientific theory can be...
LitStream

Discovering Empirical Theories of Modular Software Systems. An Algebraic Approach

Angius, Nicola; Stefaneas, Petros

Pages: 99 –115

[This paper is concerned with the construction of theories of software systems yielding adequate predictions of their target systems’ computations. It is first argued that mathematical theories of programs are not able to provide predictions that are consistent with observed executions. Empirical...
LitStream

Introducing the Doxastically Centered Approach to Formalizing Relevance Bonds in Conditionals

Bringsjord, Selmer; Licato, John; Arista, Daniel; Govindarajulu, Naveen Sundar; Bello, Paul F.

Pages: 117 –131

[Conditional reasoning is an important part of sophisticated cognition. Such reasoning is systematically studied in the sub-discipline of conditional logic, where the focus has been on the objects over which conditional reasoning operates (formulae, and the internals thereof). We introduce herein...
LitStream

From Silico to Vitro: Computational Models of Complex Biological Systems Reveal Real-World Emergent Phenomena

Stettiner, Orly

Pages: 133 –147

[Computer simulations constitute a significant scientific tool for promoting scientific understanding of natural phenomena and dynamic processes. Substantial leaps in computational force and software engineering methodologies now allow the design and development of large-scale biological models,...
LitStream

Why We Shouldn’t Reason Classically, and the Implications for Artificial Intelligence

Campbell, Douglas

Pages: 151 –165

[In this chapter I argue that human beings should reason, not in accordance with classical logic, but in accordance with a weaker ‘reticent logic’. I characterize reticent logic, and then show that arguments for the existence of fundamental Gödelian limitations on artificial intelligence are...

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