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Materialism: A Historico-Philosophical Introduction

Part of the SpringerBriefs in Philosophy Book Series

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24820-2

ISBN: 978-3-319-24818-9

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Jan 7, 2016

1 - 9 of 9 Chapters

LitStream

Chapter 1(Introduction): Materialism, Opprobrium and the History of Philosophy

Wolfe, Charles T.

Pages: 1 –18

[Materialism – the philosophical doctrine that ‘Everything that exists, is material’, including human beings, who cannot then have an immortal soul – has been a heretical or clandestine teaching since the beginnings of philosophy. Its main crime is “explaining the higher level in terms of the...
LitStream

Chapter 2To Be Is to Be for the Sake of Something: Aristotle’s Arguments with Materialism

Wolfe, Charles T.

Pages: 19 –33

[There are many ‘idealist’ critiques of materialism, including as a natural philosophy. Early modern critiques often invoke a notion of ‘soul’ or ‘life’ as a feature which the materialist either eliminates, or at least cannot account for. Here I examine an early and powerful critique of...
LitStream

Chapter 3Chance, Necessity and Transformism: Brief Considerations

Wolfe, Charles T.

Pages: 35 –41

[If Aristotle’s system combines metaphysics and biology in a two-pronged assault on the ‘reign of chance’ characteristic of ancient atomism, the Renaissance and early modernity witness the emergence of two curious intellectual formations: on the one hand, a kind of naturalized Aristotelianism,...
LitStream

Chapter 4Early Modern Materialism and the Flesh or, Forms of Materialist Embodiment

Wolfe, Charles T.

Pages: 43 –59

[Materialism, and its approach to the body, are often presented as “mechanistic”: as signifying that the properties unique to organic, living embodied agents are reduced to or specified as mechanistically specifiable properties that characterize matter as a whole. Indeed, from Hobbes and...
LitStream

Chapter 5Vital Materialism and the Problem of Ethics in the Radical Enlightenment

Wolfe, Charles T.

Pages: 61 –78

[From Hegel to Engels, Sartre and Ruyer (Ruyer, Revue Philosophique 116(7–8):28–49, 1933), to name only a few, materialism is viewed as a necropolis, or the metaphysics befitting such an abode; many speak of matter’s crudeness, bruteness, coldness or stupidity. Science or scientism, on this view,...
LitStream

Chapter 6Naturalization, Localization: A Remark on Brains and the Posterity of the Enlightenment

Wolfe, Charles T.

Pages: 79 –85

[From the Enlightenment to philosophy of mind in the mid-twentieth century, two distinct trajectories can be distinguished, both of which are relevant to our story in different ways: the development of experimental neuroscience, and the gradual recognition that materialist philosophy should...
LitStream

Chapter 7Materialism in Australia: The Identity Theory in Retrospect

Wolfe, Charles T.

Pages: 87 –108

[I suggest a historico-philosophical overview, assessment and explanation of the variety of materialism that was developed from the late 1950s onwards in Australia, primarily by U.T. Place, J.J.C. Smart, and D.M. Armstrong. These authors spoke less of “materialism” and more of an “identity...
LitStream

Chapter 8Phantom Limbs and the First-Person Perspective: An Embodied-Materialist Response

Wolfe, Charles T.

Pages: 109 –124

[In the interest of articulating a materialist theory of self in which self and brain are ‘correlates’ in the broad sense that they form part of a meaningful, integrated whole, I take the case of phantom limb syndrome. When considered in a philosophical light, such phenomena might seem to imply...
LitStream

Chapter 9Conclusion

Wolfe, Charles T.

Pages: 125 –131

[I reflect here on the diversity of forms of materialism and their possible conceptual unity. Features which seem to be shared across historical and scientific contexts include: anti-foundationalism, anti-essentialism, a willingness to endorse reductionist explanations and of course various...

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