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Tumor Microenvironment

Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Book Series (volume 899)

Editors: Koumenis, Constantinos; Coussens, Lisa M.; Giaccia, Amato; Hammond, Ester

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26666-4

ISBN: 978-3-319-26664-0

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Jun 21, 2016

1 - 10 of 16 Chapters

LitStream

Chapter 1Staining Against Phospho-H2AX (γ-H2AX) as a Marker for DNA Damage and Genomic Instability in Cancer Tissues and Cells

Nagelkerke, Anika; Span, Paul N.

Pages: 1 –10

[Phospho-H2AX or γ-H2AX- is a marker of DNA double-stranded breaks and can therefore be used to monitor DNA repair after, for example, irradiation. In addition, positive staining for phospho-H2AX may indicate genomic instability and telomere dysfunction in tumour cells and tissues. Here, we...
LitStream

Chapter 2Measuring DNA Replication in Hypoxic Conditions

Foskolou, Iosifina P.; Biasoli, Deborah; Olcina, Monica M.; Hammond, Ester M.

Pages: 11 –25

[It is imperative that dividing cells maintain replication fork integrity in order to prevent DNA damage and cell death. The investigation of DNA replication is of high importance as alterations in this process can lead to genomic instability, a known causative factor of tumor development. A...
LitStream

Chapter 3Isolation of Proteins on Nascent DNA in Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Conditions

Olcina, Monica M.; Giaccia, Amato J.; Hammond, Ester M.

Pages: 27 –40

[During S-phase both DNA replication and histone deposition must be co-ordinated at and around the replication fork. Replication stress can interfere with the fidelity of this process and can result in genomic instability. The study of proteins associated with DNA replication forks is important...
LitStream

Chapter 4In Vivo Interrogation of the Hypoxic Transcriptome of Solid Tumors: Optimizing Hypoxic Probe Labeling with Laser Capture Microdissection for Isolation of High-Quality RNA for Deep Sequencing Analysis

Brady, Lauren K.; Popov, Vladimir; Koumenis, Constantinos

Pages: 41 –58

[Global gene expression analysis is a powerful method for identifying biological networks and regulatory mechanisms that govern cellular or tissue-level responses to physiologic stress. In the context of tumor biology, differential gene expression studies have provided information about the...
LitStream

Chapter 5Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) to Study Metabolism in Cultured Cells

Grimm, Fiona; Fets, Louise; Anastasiou, Dimitrios

Pages: 59 –88

[Cancer cells exhibit characteristic patterns of metabolic behaviour that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Conditions found within the tumour microenvironment, such as hypoxia and selective nutrient availability, are known to influence the metabolism of cancer and stromal cells....
LitStream

Chapter 6Probing Cancer Cell Metabolism Using NMR Spectroscopy

Hollinshead, Kate E. R.; Williams, Debbie S.; Tennant, Daniel A.; Ludwig, Christian

Pages: 89 –111

[Altered cellular metabolism is now accepted to be at the core of many diseases including cancer. Over the past 20 years, NMR has become a core technology to study these metabolic perturbations in detail. This chapter reviews current NMR-based methods for steady-state metabolism and, in...
LitStream

Chapter 7Measuring the Impact of Microenvironmental Conditions on Mitochondrial Dehydrogenase Activity in Cultured Cells

Sun, Ramon C.; Koong, Albert; Giaccia, Amato; Denko, Nicholas C.

Pages: 113 –120

[Mitochondria are powerhouses of a cell, producing much of the cellular ATP. However, mitochondrial enzymes also participate in many cellular biosynthetic processes. They are responsible for helping to maintain NAD(P)/H and redox balance, supplying metabolic intermediates for cell growth, and...
LitStream

Chapter 8Measuring Autophagy in the Context of Cancer

Morgan, Michael J.; Thorburn, Andrew

Pages: 121 –143

[Autophagy plays multiple roles in the formation and progression of cancer, including both suppressive and promotive roles. It not only impacts cancer cell growth and viability directly but also has a significant role through its effects on the tumor microenvironment. Measurement of autophagy can...
LitStream

Chapter 9Methods for Studying Autophagy Within the Tumor Microenvironment

Murugan, Sengottuvelan; Amaravadi, Ravi K.

Pages: 145 –166

[Defective autophagy has been linked with many pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, infectious disease, myopathies, heart, liver, lung, and neurodegenerative disease. Autophagy has therefore become an important target in drug discovery. Recent advances have identified new ways to monitor...
LitStream

Chapter 10Methods: Using Three-Dimensional Culture (Spheroids) as an In Vitro Model of Tumour Hypoxia

Leek, Russell; Grimes, David Robert; Harris, Adrian L.; McIntyre, Alan

Pages: 167 –196

[Regions of hypoxia in tumours can be modelled in vitro in 2D cell cultures with a hypoxic chamber or incubator in which oxygen levels can be regulated. Although this system is useful in many respects, it disregards the additional physiological gradients of the hypoxic microenvironment, which...

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