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Glial Cells in Health and Disease of the CNS

Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Book Series (volume 949)

Editors: von Bernhardi, Rommy

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7

ISBN: 978-3-319-40762-3

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Oct 7, 2016

1 - 10 of 16 Chapters

LitStream

Chapter 1Glial Cells and Integrity of the Nervous System

von Bernhardi, Rommy; Eugenín-von Bernhardi, Jaime; Flores, Betsi; Eugenín León, Jaime

Pages: 1 –24

[Today, there is enormous progress in understanding the function of glial cells, including astroglia, oligodendroglia, Schwann cells, and microglia. Around 150 years ago, glia were viewed as a glue among neurons. During the course of the twentieth century, microglia were discovered and...
LitStream

NG2-glia, More Than Progenitor Cells

Eugenín-von Bernhardi, Jaime; Dimou, Leda

Pages: 27 –45

[NG2-glia are a mysterious and ubiquitous glial population with a highly branched morphology. Initial studies suggested that their unique function is the generation and maintenance of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), important for proper myelination and therefore for axonal...
LitStream

Pharmacological Tools to Study the Role of Astrocytes in Neural Network Functions

Peña-Ortega, Fernando; Rivera-Angulo, Ana Julia; Lorea-Hernández, Jonathan Julio

Pages: 47 –66

[Despite that astrocytes and microglia do not communicate by electrical impulses, they can efficiently communicate among them, with each other and with neurons, to participate in complex neural functions requiring broad cell-communication and long-lasting regulation of brain function. Glial cells...
LitStream

Microglia Function in the Normal Brain

von Bernhardi, Rommy; Heredia, Florencia; Salgado, Nicole; Muñoz, Paola

Pages: 67 –92

[The activation of microglia has been recognized for over a century by their morphological changes. Long slender microglia acquire a short sturdy ramified shape when activated. During the past 20 years, microglia have been accepted as an essential cellular component for understanding the...
LitStream

Physiological Functions of Glial Cell Hemichannels

Orellana, Juan A.

Pages: 93 –108

[The brain performs exceptionally complex and dynamic tasks that depend on the coordinated interaction of neurons, glial cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, ependymal cells, and circulating blood cells. Among these cells, glial cells have emerged as crucial protagonists in...
LitStream

Role of Astrocytes in Central Respiratory Chemoreception

Eugenín León, Jaime; Olivares, María José; Beltrán-Castillo, Sebastián

Pages: 109 –145

[Astrocytes perform various homeostatic functions in the nervous system beyond that of a supportive or metabolic role for neurons. A growing body of evidence indicates that astrocytes are crucial for central respiratory chemoreception. This review presents a classical overview of respiratory...
LitStream

Purine Signaling and Microglial Wrapping

Castellano, Bernardo; Bosch-Queralt, Mar; Almolda, Beatriz; Villacampa, Nàdia; González, Berta

Pages: 147 –165

[Microglial cells are highly dynamic cells with processes continuously moving to survey the surrounding territory. Microglia possess a broad variety of surface receptors and subtle changes in their microenvironment cause microglial cell processes to extend, retract, and interact with neuronal...
LitStream

Oligodendrocytes: Functioning in a Delicate Balance Between High Metabolic Requirements and Oxidative Damage

Roth, Alejandro D.; Núñez, Marco T.

Pages: 167 –181

[The study of the metabolic interactions between myelinating glia and the axons they ensheath has blossomed into an area of research much akin to the elucidation of the role of astrocytes in tripartite synapses (Tsacopoulos and Magistretti in J Neurosci 16:877–885, 1996). Still, unlike...
LitStream

Schwann Cell and Axon: An Interlaced Unit—From Action Potential to Phenotype Expression

Court, Felipe A.; Alvarez, Jaime

Pages: 183 –201

[Here we propose a model of a peripheral axon with a great deal of autonomy from its cell body—the autonomous axon—but with a substantial dependence on its ensheathing Schwann cell (SC), the axon-SC unit. We review evidence in several fields and show that (i) axons can extend sprouts and grow...
LitStream

Age-Dependent Changes in the Activation and Regulation of Microglia

Cornejo, Francisca; von Bernhardi, Rommy

Pages: 205 –226

[As we age, a large number of physiological and molecular changes affect the normal functioning of cells, tissues, and the organism as a whole. One of the main changes is the establishment of a state of systemic inflammatory activation, which has been termed “inflamm-aging”; a mild chronic...

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