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Ancient Engineers' Inventions

Part of the History of Mechanism and Machine Science Book Series (volume 33)

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44476-5

ISBN: 978-3-319-44475-8

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Aug 27, 2016

1 - 10 of 22 Chapters

LitStream

Chapter 1Representing and Measuring the Environment

Rossi, Cesare; Russo, Flavio

Pages: 1 –18

[This chapter represents a sort of introduction to the ancient technology. All started with a design, so the early techniques used to represent what had to be built. Examples of planimetries and the relative building, starting from the IV Millennium B.C. are presented. Finally tables containing...
LitStream

Chapter 2Measuring Mass

Rossi, Cesare; Russo, Flavio

Pages: 19 –23

[Measuring mass was a very important task, essentially due to the trades. In this chapter some ancient device to measure the mass are reported. Examples of balance scales from the Egyptians and of Roman steelyards balances are shown.]
LitStream

Chapter 3Measuring Distance and Slope

Rossi, Cesare; Russo, Flavio

Pages: 25 –37

[In this chapter the ancient device to measure slopes and distances are presented. Most of them belong to the Greek-Roman era. These devices, despite their simplicity, were surprisingly accurate; in fact, they permitted to realize the surprising roads, bridges, tunnels, aqueducts, buildings etc....
LitStream

Chapter 4Measuring Time

Rossi, Cesare; Russo, Flavio

Pages: 39 –50

[In this chapter the ancient device to measure time such as sundials and water clock are presented. In particular, a virtual and a functional reconstruction of the water clock by Ctesibius is shown. The latter had a very interesting particularity: it could automatically adjust, in each of the...
LitStream

Chapter 5Orientation

Rossi, Cesare; Russo, Flavio

Pages: 51 –59

[In this chapter the ancient device to find the orientation are presented. The oldest one was the sundial compass. Despite it was the oldest type of compass, it was still used during the II WW and on the Mars Exploration Rovers. Then the famous Chinese South pointing Charriot is shown and finally...
LitStream

Chapter 6Ancient Computation Devices

Rossi, Cesare; Russo, Flavio

Pages: 61 –78

[In this chapter some ancient computational devices are presented. Among the latter, particularly interesting are the Greek devices to compute the cubic roots. Some reconstructions of the famous Mechanism of Antikitera is also presented. Finally, a technique to compute the multiplication using...
LitStream

Chapter 7The Natural Energy Used in Antiquity

Rossi, Cesare; Russo, Flavio

Pages: 79 –87

[In this chapter the early sources of mechanical energy are presented. The sources of energy that were considered are: muscular energy (from man, and animals) by acting on capstans, thread wheel, wind motors, water wheel. For all those motors, rough formulas to evaluate their power and energy are...
LitStream

Chapter 8Wind Motors

Rossi, Cesare; Russo, Flavio

Pages: 89 –104

[This chapter shows some the early examples of wind motors, starting from the II millennium B.C. Both devices having vertical axis and horizontal axis rotors are shown. Then a survey on the evolution of the sails is shown.]
LitStream

Chapter 9Hydraulic Motors

Rossi, Cesare; Russo, Flavio

Pages: 105 –119

[In this chapter examples of the hydraulic motors are presented. Several authors’ reconstructions of the early water wheel powered mills are shows, both having horizontal axis and vertical axis. Most of the devices above belong to the Greek-Roman but examples of mills built during the Renaissance...
LitStream

Chapter 10Refrigeration and Heating

Rossi, Cesare; Russo, Flavio

Pages: 121 –140

[This chapter shows some techniques used during the Roman era in order to obtain a sort of refrigeration or of heating in the houses. Techniques to obtain ice during the same era are also reported. Finally, an example of the use of solar energy for heating is reported.]

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