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Philosophy of Science in Practice

Part of the Synthese Library Book Series (volume 379)

Editors: Chao, Hsiang-Ke; Reiss, Julian

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45532-7

ISBN: 978-3-319-45530-3

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Dec 28, 2016

1 - 10 of 10 Chapters

LitStream

Chapter 1Introduction

Chao, Hsiang-Ke; Reiss, Julian

Pages: 1 –8

[This chapter serves as an introduction to this volume. It reflects the ‘philosophy of science in practice’ approach and sets the stage by introducing the three themes of the volume: Evidence in Practice, Laws and Causation in Practice, and Models in Practice in the context of natural, social,...
LitStream

Single Case Causes: What Is Evidence and Why

Cartwright, Nancy

Pages: 11 –24

[How do we establish singular causal claims? It seems we do this all the time, from courtrooms to cloud chambers. Nevertheless, there is a strong lobby in the evidence-based medicine and policy movements that argues that we cannot make reliable causal judgments about single cases in these areas....
LitStream

Partial Evidence in Medicine

Bueno, Otávio; Neiman, Robin

Pages: 25 –44

[We advance a conception of evidence in medicine that accounts for the significance of randomized clinical trials despite the fact that they are not the gold standard in clinical research. Crucial to this account is the gradualist, partial nature of evidence in medicine, and the different kinds...
LitStream

On the Causal Wars

Reiss, Julian

Pages: 45 –66

[The ‘causal wars’ (Scriven 2008) are controversies currently plaguing a variety of fields of the applied social and life sciences including ageing studies, criminology, dentistry, development economics, education, medicine, psychology and social policy, among others. The main issue in these...
LitStream

Dappled Science in a Unified World

Strevens, Michael

Pages: 69 –85

[Science as we know it is “dappled”. Its picture of the world is a mosaic in which different aspects of the world, different systems, are represented by narrow-scope theories or models that are largely disconnected from one another. The best explanation for this disunity in our representation of...
LitStream

A Dual-Role Account of Ceteris Paribus Laws

Cheng, Kai-Yuan

Pages: 87 –110

[Issues concerning the meaning and legitimacy of a ceteris paribus (cp) law statement have been heatedly debated in recent philosophy of science. I argue that a main inadequacy of some major attempts to resolve those issues derives from the failure to accommodate both the objective and subjective...
LitStream

On Component Forces in Physics: A Pragmatic View

Rowbottom, Darrell P.

Pages: 111 –126

[Do component forces exist? I argue that the answer lies in the affirmative, on historical and operational grounds.]
LitStream

Mechanisms, Capacities, and Nomological Machines: Integrating Cartwright’s Account of Nomological Machines and Machamer, Darden and Craver’s Account of Mechanisms

Chen, Ruey-Lin

Pages: 127 –145

[Machamer, Darden, and Craver (Philos Sci 67(1):1–25, 2000) propose a dualistic account of mechanisms and believe that it stands in opposition to both substantivalist and process-ontology accounts. They locate Cartwright (Nature’s capacities and their measurement. Oxford University Press, Oxford,...
LitStream

Scientific Representation Is Representation-As

Frigg, Roman; Nguyen, James

Pages: 149 –179

[Nancy Cartwright’s work has been influential in establishing the now widely accepted view that scientific models are the primary representational units of science. This view brings with it the question of scientific representation: in virtue of what do scientific models represent parts, or...
LitStream

Model-Based Knowledge and Credible Policy Analysis

Chao, Hsiang-Ke; Teira, David

Pages: 181 –197

[This chapter elaborates the concept of credibility as a yardstick for the assessment of model-based policies. We further distinguish between epistemic and strategic credibility and show how this distinction helps us to understand the relation between models and the assessment of public policies....

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