DeepDyve eBooks - A History of Diabetes in Pregnancy

Chapter 1Introduction

Kalter, Harold

Pages: 1 –2

[Long accepted beliefs are difficult to challenge. What are accepted as medical truths may not be as fiercely adhered to and as vigorously championed as are religious convictions or even political philosophies; but long-held scientific orthodoxies can be zealously defended and anyone foolhardy...

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Chapter 2The Framework

Kalter, Harold

Pages: 3 –6

[In the history of medicine major advances promising new-found health paradoxically have sometimes led to emergence of new disease. A significant instance of this advance and retreat is seen in the annals of diabetes mellitus, a record of human success in whose train there emerged tough new...

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Chapter 3The Early Years

Kalter, Harold

Pages: 7 –9

[Diabetes mellitus is an old disease, mentioned in ancient and medieval sources (Barach 1928)—though the validity of even that contention is disputed nowadays (Bottazzo 1993). Despite this antiquity the first instance of pregnancy in a woman with diabetes was only recorded less than 200 years ago...

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Chapter 4Spontaneous Abortion

Kalter, Harold

Pages: 11 –19

[Spontaneous abortion is defined as death of the embryo before attaining viability, i.e. prior to the period when it becomes able to maintain independent life. This viability was once held to be reached at 28 weeks of pregnancy following the first day of the last menstrual period (Hook and Porter...

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Chapter 5Perinatal Death

Kalter, Harold

Pages: 21 –33

[The most tenacious and demanding difficulty presented by the pregnancies of diabetic women is the toll of fetal and neonatal deaths they experienced. The very high rates that prevailed in the years before the discovery of insulin continued little improved for some time after the advent of this...

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Chapter 6Prediabetes

Kalter, Harold

Pages: 35 –41

[The term prediabetes once upon a time referred to two separate areas of study, similar yet different, an earlier one now largely forgotten and a current one. Nevertheless both were similar in their focus, the period preceding the onset of overt diabetes, and in their purpose, the discovery of...

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Chapter 7Gestational Diabetes

Kalter, Harold

Pages: 43 –58

[Gestational diabetes was discovered only 50 years ago—in the sense that it was not until 1961 that it was given a name and became a definite entity. This late emergence onto the stage is surprising, since the condition was noted well over 100 years ago. But its long relegation to the sidelines...

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Chapter 8Pregestational Diabetes Type 2

Kalter, Harold

Pages: 59 –65

[Now let’s now turn to the real thing: diabetes present during pregnancy. This takes three forms. One, gestational diabetes, already mentioned, can be further disregarded. The second, which was and continues to be the main concern of the patient, physician, and investigator, is the insulin...

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Chapter 9Pregestational Diabetes Type 1

Kalter, Harold

Pages: 67 –71

[We turn now to the form of diabetes that is the main concern of the patient and physician, insulin dependent diabetes of pregestational origin—and to the classifications of diabetes especially devised for diabetes in pregnancy (White 1949, 1965, 1974, 1978; Pedersen and Mølsted-Pedersen 1965;...

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Chapter 10Congenital Malformations—Questions

Kalter, Harold

Pages: 73 –78

[It is remarkable that prenatal development so seldom goes awry and that babies born malformed are so few. But congenital malformations happen, and with the increasing control of many medical problems of the newborn they emerged into conspicuousness. It is this topic we turn to, asking what are...

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A History of Diabetes in Pregnancy

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A History of Diabetes in Pregnancy

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