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Myelin

Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Book Series (volume 1190)

Editors: Sango, Kazunori; Yamauchi, Junji; Ogata, Toru; Susuki, Keiichiro

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7

ISBN: 978-981-32-9635-0

Publisher: Springer Singapore - Springer Journals

Nov 24, 2019

1 - 10 of 24 Chapters

LitStream

Cellular Signal-Regulated Schwann Cell Myelination and Remyelination

Torii, Tomohiro; Miyamoto, Yuki; Yamauchi, Junji

Pages: 3 –22

[Increasing studies have demonstrated multiple signaling molecules responsible for oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells development such as migration, differentiation, myelination, and axo-glial interaction. However, complicated roles in these events are still poorly understood. This chapter...
LitStream

Regulatory Mechanism of Peripheral Nerve Myelination by Glutamate-Induced Signaling

Araki, Toshiyuki

Pages: 23 –31

[Regulation of differentiation and proliferation of Schwann cells is an essential part of the regulation of peripheral nerve development, degeneration, and regeneration. ZNRF1, a ubiquitin ligase, is expressed in undifferentiated/repair Schwann cells, directs glutamine synthetase to proteasomal...
LitStream

Cytoskeletal Signal-Regulated Oligodendrocyte Myelination and Remyelination

Miyata, Shingo

Pages: 33 –42

[Myelination and remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) are essential for rapid conduction of action potentials and for appropriate neuronal communications supporting higher brain functions. Myelination is dependent on developmental stage and is controlled by neuronal...
LitStream

Activity-Dependent Myelination

Kato, Daisuke; Wake, Hiroaki

Pages: 43 –51

[Oligodendrocyte form myelin around the axons to regulate the conduction velocity. Myelinated axons are composed of white matter to act as cables to connect distinct brain regions. Recent human MRI studies showed that the signal from white matter change in the people with special skills such as...
LitStream

Heterogeneity of Oligodendrocytes and Their Precursor Cells

Hayashi, Chikako; Suzuki, Nobuharu

Pages: 53 –62

[While oligodendrocytes have been thought to be homogenous, a number of reports have indicated evidences of the heterogeneity of oligodendrocytes and their precursor cells, OPCs. Almost a century ago, Del Río Hortega found three and four types of oligodendrocytes with regions where they exist and...
LitStream

Functional Domains in Myelinated Axons

Yermakov, Leonid M.; Hong, Lulu A.; Drouet, Domenica E.; Griggs, Ryan B.; Susuki, Keiichiro

Pages: 65 –83

[Propagation of action potentials along axons is optimized through interactions between neurons and myelinating glial cells. Myelination drives division of the axons into distinct molecular domains including nodes of Ranvier. The high density of voltage-gated sodium channels at nodes generates...
LitStream

Physiology of Myelinated Nerve Conduction and Pathophysiology of Demyelination

Franssen, Hessel

Pages: 85 –106

[Nerve conduction in myelinated axons is a fascinating subject due to the intricate structure and complex properties of the axon and its relation to the equally complex Schwann cells surrounding it. This chapter first deals with normal functional aspects of voltage-gated ion channels in the axon...
LitStream

Under the ECM Dome: The Physiological Role of the Perinodal Extracellular Matrix as an Ion Diffusion Barrier

Bekku, Yoko; Oohashi, Toshitaka

Pages: 107 –122

[Enriched Na+ channel clustering allows for rapid saltatory conduction at a specialized structure in myelinated axons, the node of Ranvier, where cations are exchanged across the axon membrane. In the extracellular matrix (ECM), highly negatively charged molecules accumulate and wrap around the...
LitStream

Oligodendrocyte Physiology Modulating Axonal Excitability and Nerve Conduction

Yamazaki, Yoshihiko

Pages: 123 –144

[Oligodendrocytes enable saltatory conduction by forming a myelin sheath around axons, dramatically boosts action potential conduction velocity. In addition to this canonical function of oligodendrocytes, it is now known that oligodendrocytes can respond to neuronal activity and regulate axonal...
LitStream

Mitochondrial Dynamics in Physiology and Pathology of Myelinated Axons

Sui, Yang; Nguyen, Huy Bang; Thai, Truc Quynh; Ikenaka, Kazuhiro; Ohno, Nobuhiko

Pages: 145 –163

[Mitochondria play essential roles in neurons and abnormal functions of mitochondria have been implicated in neurological disorders including myelin diseases. Since mitochondrial functions are regulated and maintained by their dynamic behavior involving localization, transport, and...

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