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The servants of power: A history of the use of social science in American industry.

DOI: 10.1037/11283-000

Publisher: Wesleyan University Press - American Psychological Association

Dec 11, 2006

1 - 10 of 10 Chapters

LitStream

The Need for Knowledge.

Baritz, Loren

Pages: 3 –20

The sobering realization that social knowledge was as essential as technical skill for the purposes of twentieth-century industry penetrated slowly but deeply into the minds of thoughtful managers. The managers of American industry, through the pressure of conditions within industry and the wider...
LitStream

The Birth of Industrial Psychology.

Baritz, Loren

Pages: 21 –41

From 1913 to 1920, in increasing crescendo, management voices were raised to proclaim that the human element was important, that intelligent management should realize that it had a monetary investment in men as well as in truck horses, "that a careful study of this 'human factor' pays in dollars...
LitStream

War.

Baritz, Loren

Pages: 42 –57

The involvement of America in World War I gave psychologists an opportunity to show what they could do. The personnel techniques that some had already implemented in industry could now be tested on a scale vaster than anything industry could provide. But, most important, their achievements would...
LitStream

In Search of a Science.

Baritz, Loren

Pages: 58 –76

Though the much publicized work of the army psychologists did a great deal to soften the hostility many managers felt toward psychology, enough suspicion and skepticism remained to worry the psychologists. Bending much of their talent to the task of convincing American management that they had...
LitStream

Hawthorne.

Baritz, Loren

Pages: 77 –95

The single most important social science research project ever conducted in industry was carried out in the oldest manufacturing plant of the Western Electric Company, the Hawthorne Works. The research at Hawthorne developed because of the failure of a series of experiments. Late in 1924 the...
LitStream

Hawthorne and Managerial Sociology.

Baritz, Loren

Pages: 96 –116

From an academic point of view, the results of the bank wiring room phase of the Hawthorne experiments shed considerable light on the behavior of people in groups, and to this extent the experiment was highly successful. Management, however, was left with a number of troublesome problems. The...
LitStream

Depression and Repression.

Baritz, Loren

Pages: 117 –138

By the time the depression rolled in, the aims of industrial social science had already been fashioned. Some few industrial social scientists responded to the national political climate, which was now somewhat to the left of Hoover's New Era, and insisted that the guiding purpose of their work...
LitStream

War and Peace.

Baritz, Loren

Pages: 139 –166

As 1939 became 1940, as war infected a growing number of nations, vital and swift changes marked virtually every aspect of life. Not the least of these changes occurred in industry. The tightening of the labor supply, coupled with demands that the war effort made upon industry, meant that...
LitStream

Human Relations and Power.

Baritz, Loren

Pages: 167 –190

After the Second World War, a new trend in social science made its way into industry. Alongside of the psychological and sociological techniques of which industry now made use, the so-called human-relations approach to industrial problems offered the manager still another personnel tool to use in...
LitStream

The Servants of Power.

Baritz, Loren

Pages: 191 –210

By the middle of the twentieth century, industrial social science had become one of the most pregnant of the many devices available to America's managers in their struggle with costs and labor, government and the consuming public. American management came to believe in the importance of...

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