DeepDyve eBooks - Psychological foundations of education.

What is the distinction between the various systems of psychology?

Gray, J. Stanley

Pages: 3 –42

Psychology originally developed as a branch of philosophy, but today it can more accurately be classified as a science. However, this does not mean that it is independent of philosophy. Science can never be divorced from philosophy. Perhaps definitions will clarify this relationship. Science is a...

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What is the original nature of man?

Gray, J. Stanley

Pages: 47 –72

What is the nature of the child? That question is not easily answered. It is more difficult to' analyze a child than it is a house or a painting or a poem. With all the scientific knowledge we have of physiology and anatomy, we know so little about Homo sapiens that our conception must of...

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How does the human organism operate?

Gray, J. Stanley

Pages: 73 –101

We have just learned that organic structure is manufactured from cytoplasm by inherited "genes" working under the controlling influences of environment. The organism's structure at birth, or at any other time, is thus the product of both environment and heredity, not as separate forces, but in...

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What is the nature of emotional behavior?

Gray, J. Stanley

Pages: 102 –132

Theories attempting to explain the emotions are found in the very earliest psychological literature. The ancients considered them to be non-physical entities which were located in the various visceral organs. Sorrow was believed to be located in the heart, jealousy in the liver, hate in the gall...

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What is the nature of language?

Gray, J. Stanley

Pages: 133 –165

Scientifically, man differs from the lower animals only in the greater complexity of his central nervous system, which results in greater variability of behavior. Of course the mentalists have postulated a psychic difference in addition to physical differences, but it is fruitless to discuss such...

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What is the nature of behavior modification?

Gray, J. Stanley

Pages: 166 –208

One of the major functions of psychology is to explain how the organism learns. In fact this is the major function of educational psychology. The process of education is really identical with the process of learning. Granting that the biologists have contributed valuable information concerning...

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What is the nature of individual differences?

Gray, J. Stanley

Pages: 209 –240

A study of cells and protozoa under the ultra-microscope impresses one with the enormous differences which exist between specimens even of the same kind. No two amoebas are found to be alike. Red blood cells all differ from one another. No two cells and no two protozoa even look alike under the...

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What is the nature of intelligence?

Gray, J. Stanley

Pages: 241 –266

The word intelligence has perhaps been given a greater variety of meanings than any other word in the whole field of psychology. Pintner has classified the more prominent conceptions of intelligence as follows: (1) biological definitions which consider intelligence to be the "adaptation of the...

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What is the nature of social institutions?

Gray, J. Stanley

Pages: 271 –305

Human beings associate together in various ways and for various reasons. The most simple form of association is in the more or less accidental meetings in which individuals babble to each other about insignificant things, such as the weather, each other's health, etc. The lower animals engage in...

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What is the nature of education?

Gray, J. Stanley

Pages: 306 –351

Most of our educational technique today is based on the idea that "knowledge is power." Administrators measure teaching success by how many facts the pupils have memorized. Most of our educational testing is a measure only of knowledge. This interpretation of education is based on the theory that...

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Psychological foundations of education.

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Psychological foundations of education.

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