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Science, Religion and Communism in Cold War Europe

Part of the St Antony's Series Book Series

Editors: Betts, Paul; Smith, Stephen A.

DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-54639-5

ISBN: 978-1-137-54638-8

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK - Springer Journals

May 15, 2016

1 - 10 of 12 Chapters

LitStream

Chapter 1Introduction

Smith, Stephen A.

Pages: 1 –31

[This volume of essays explores the inter-relationship of Communism, science and religion in the Soviet Union and the states of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe that were incorporated into the Soviet bloc after the Second World War. These regimes, which I shall refer to interchangeably as...
LitStream

Piety by the Numbers: Social Science and Polish Debates About Secularization in the 1960s and 1970s

Bjork, Jim

Pages: 35 –54

[This essay examines the statistics on devotional practice generated by sociological studies in Poland in the 1960s and the 1970s, as well as the ways in which church-affiliated and secular, regime-affiliated scholars tried to make sense of those statistics. Jim Bjork argues that these debates...
LitStream

The Shepherds’ Calling, the Engineers’ Project, and the Scientists’ Problem: Scientific Knowledge and the Care of Souls in Communist Eastern Europe

Patterson, Patrick Hyder

Pages: 55 –76

[The essay investigates sociological and psychological approaches to religion among mainstream Marxist scholars in Yugoslavia and Hungary. In both countries the abandonment of crude scientific determinism led to softer anti-religious rhetoric, while the unexpected persistence of religiosity...
LitStream

Romanian Spirituality in Ceauşescu’s ‘Golden Epoch’: Social Scientists Reconsider Atheism, Religion, and Ritual Culture

Magdó, Zsuzsánna

Pages: 77 –101

[This chapter examines efforts to create a socialist spiritual culture in Ceaușescu’s Romania. During the 1970s, professional atheists and social scientists began to speak of religion as a form of spirituality that fulfilled abiding human existential needs and as a complex social phenomenon that...
LitStream

Inculcating Materialist Minds: Scientific Propaganda and Anti-Religion in the USSR During the Cold War

Andrews, James T.

Pages: 105 –125

[After 1947, and the liquidation of the Union of Militant Atheists, the Soviet Znanie Society, besides scientific propaganda, had transferred to it the function of propagating atheistic views throughout the USSR. This chapter will analyze how the battle between scientific atheism and religious...
LitStream

Tsiolkovskii and the Invention of ‘Russian Cosmism’: Science, Mysticism, and the Conquest of Nature at the Birth of Soviet Space Exploration

Siddiqi, Asif

Pages: 127 –156

[The rhetoric of the early years of the Soviet space program was rooted in a long and enthusiastic discourse about the transformative role of modern science and technology in the socialist context. Yet, it has become evident that ‘Russian Cosmism’, a mystical and occultlike worldview with...
LitStream

Witchdoctors Drive Sports Cars, Science Takes the Bus: An Anti-Superstition Alliance Across a Divided Germany

Black, Monica

Pages: 157 –175

[Superstition was a central category of negative self-definition in the communist world: the thing we are not. It was the capitalist West, communists argued, that gave succor to ‘superstitious’ ideas and practices and used them as tools of obscurantist oppression. Yet at the height of the Cold...
LitStream

Writing Rituals: The Sources of Socialist Rites of Passage in Hungary, 1958–1970

Tóth, Heléna

Pages: 179 –203

[Focusing on the development of socialist rites of passage in Hungary, the chapter makes two arguments. First, that the early 1960s were a phase of intense experimentation, in which the individual initiative of party cadres played a more important role than specific directives. And second, that...
LitStream

In Search of Rationality and Objectivity: Origins and Development of East German Thanatology

Schulz, Felix Robin

Pages: 205 –224

[The officially sanctioned thanatology of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) stressed a scientific approach, in which death was seen as a biological reality that needed to be faced and accepted rationally and objectively. However, such views could be troubling, as even the chief ideologist of...
LitStream

Religion and Nauka: Churches as Architectural Heritage in Soviet Leningrad

Kelly, Catriona

Pages: 227 –251

[The chapter examines the activities of architect-conservators in Soviet Leningrad towards the preservation of the city’s churches. Arbitrating in the name of nauka (scholarship and science), they risked censure, on the one hand, from believers, insofar as they decreed certain churches not to be...

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