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The New Political Economy of Pharmaceuticals

Part of the International Political Economy Series Book Series

Editors: Löfgren, Hans; Williams, Owain David

DOI: 10.1057/9781137315854

ISBN: 978-1-349-32976-2

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK - Springer Journals

Nov 6, 2015

1 - 10 of 13 Chapters

LitStream

Chapter 1The New Political Economy of Pharmaceuticals: Conformity and Resistance in the Global South

Löfgren, Hans; Williams, Owain David

Pages: 1 –28

[Some two decades will shortly have passed since the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (henceforth WTO and TRIPS) came into force in 1995 (World Trade Organization, 1994). TRIPS has proven to be one of the most politically charged and...
LitStream

Chapter 2The Political Economy of Pharmaceutical Production in Brazil

Sweet, Cassandra M.

Pages: 29 –47

[Over the last two decades global pharmaceutical production has been shaped by a series of profound political, legal and economic changes.1 On the one hand, the rise of bulk pharmaceutical production in Asia and a wave of mergers and acquisitions throughout the 1990s (Kesic, 2009; Nolan, 2001)...
LitStream

Chapter 3Pharmaceuticals, Health Policy and Intellectual Property Rights in China

Hsieh, Chee-Ruey

Pages: 48 –69

[In 1978 the Chinese government began a series of reforms to restructure its economy away from central planning towards a market system, including an open door policy to encourage foreign trade and investment. Since then the Chinese economy has experienced very rapid growth, which has...
LitStream

Chapter 4Immunity to TRIPS? Vaccine Production and the Biotechnology Industry in Cuba

Plahte, Jens; Reid-Henry, Simon

Pages: 70 –90

[‘We don’t like patents, remember?’ Castro said. The stage was the largest laboratory in Cuba—the Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology—the time was probably around 1990, and Fidel Castro had just entered a room where some senior scientists were discussing the need for patents to...
LitStream

Chapter 5TRIPS and Access to Medicines in Egypt

Iskander, Dina

Pages: 91 –110

[Egypt became fully Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)-compliant in January 2005, when legislation enacted in 2002 came into effect. An adverse impact of TRIPS compliance on the generics drug industry in Egypt was anticipated (EIPR, 2005), but no careful analysis has...
LitStream

Chapter 6The Pharmaceutical Industry in India after TRIPS

Chaudhuri, Sudip

Pages: 111 –133

[The Indian pharmaceutical industry occupies a special position among developing countries.1 It has demonstrated strong innovation capabilities, tremendous strength in developing cost-efficient processes and significant capacity in setting up manufacturing plants for drugs satisfying...
LitStream

Chapter 7The Healthcare System and the Pharmaceutical Industry in Indonesia

Husada, Richard; Tjandrawinata, Raymond R.

Pages: 134 –151

[Indonesia has experienced rapid economic and political change in the past decade. Its democratic transformation is of particular significance. Many analysts see Indonesia as the new BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) on the block.With a gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate...
LitStream

Chapter 8TRIPS, Free Trade Agreements and the Pharmaceutical Industry in Malaysia

Hassali, Mohamed Azmi; Thambyappa, Jayabalan; Nambiar, Shankaran; Shafie, Asrul Akmal; Löfgren, Hans

Pages: 152 –166

[Malaysia has a relatively well-functioning healthcare system that, with small and limited resources, ensures access to services for the vast majority of the population, including the poor. Between 1990 and 2009 life expectancy at birth increased significantly (from 69.0 to 71.5 years for men,...
LitStream

Chapter 9The Pharmaceutical Industry, Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Medicines in Pakistan

Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din; Jamshed, Shazia Qasim; Malik, Muhammad Ashar; Löfgren, Hans; Gilani, Anwarul-Hassan

Pages: 167 –184

[The pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan is worth around US$1.18 billion, with annual growth in 2010 approaching 10 per cent (Khan, 2012). There are more than 650 registered companies, including 31 multinationals, which in 2006 had a market share in value terms of 53.3 per cent, with national...
LitStream

Chapter 10TRIPS, Access to Medicines and Local Production in South Africa

Gray, Andrew L.; Vawda, Yousuf A.

Pages: 185 –203

[As a leading economy on the African continent, but also the country most affected by HIV/AIDS and a high-burden tuberculosis country, South Africa has often been seen as a particularly important case study for access to medicines issues. The country has both an established generic medicines...

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