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Britain and European Monetary Cooperation, 1964–1979

Part of the Palgrave Studies in the History of Finance Book Series

DOI: 10.1057/9781137491428

ISBN: 978-1-137-49141-1

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK - Springer Journals

Jan 16, 2016

1 - 10 of 11 Chapters

LitStream

Introduction

Hirowatari, Kiyoshi

Pages: 1 –24

[The 1970s opened inauspiciously for Britain. The United States’ blunt decision to decouple the dollar from gold precipitated the collapse of the Bretton Woods system and resulted in a transition to currency floating in the early 1970s. At the same time, Europe moved in a different direction: it...
LitStream

The Conservatives and European Monetary Cooperation

Hirowatari, Kiyoshi

Pages: 27 –51

[The Conservative MP Edward Heath was elected Leader of the Opposition in July 1965 and subsequently led the party to victory in the 1970 general election. This period witnessed a tidal wave of currency speculation, which swept across Britain from 1965 to 1967. While Britain was finally forced...
LitStream

The Conservatives and Monetary Sovereignty

Hirowatari, Kiyoshi

Pages: 53 –64

[It is often said that Edward Heath ‘was at heart an ideological European’: ‘He had been a member of Jean Monnet’s Action Committee for the United States of Europe and made his maiden Parliamentary speech on the need for a united Europe.’1 However, an in-depth look at Heath’s view of sovereignty...
LitStream

The Heath Government and External Economic Policy

Hirowatari, Kiyoshi

Pages: 65 –80

[Many explanations have been advanced for the failure of the Heath government. It seems, however, that both sides — those who denounce the government as a failure and those who view it with some sympathy for its unprecedented plight — agree that Heath’s U-turn from ‘quiet revolution’ to ‘new...
LitStream

Summary of Part I

Hirowatari, Kiyoshi

Pages: 81 –82

[Part I has examined the way the Conservatives viewed European monetary cooperation at the turn of the 1970s and has chiefly focused on the views of the leading Conservatives and the UK monetary authorities. As discussed in Chapter 2, Heath and UK mandarins were aware that Britain was at risk of...
LitStream

Labour and Sterling

Hirowatari, Kiyoshi

Pages: 85 –104

[In December 1955, Hugh Gaitskell became the leader of the Labour Party. Some ten months later, Britain, France and Israel launched a military attack on Egypt. With a sterling crisis ensuing from this venture, Suez highlighted the limits to Britain’s military and economic power. It was the...
LitStream

Harold Wilson, the 1964–66 Sterling Crisis and ‘The Second Try’

Hirowatari, Kiyoshi

Pages: 105 –135

[According to Schenk, the historiography of Britain’s accession to the EEC has neglected monetary issues despite their subsequent importance.1 When it comes to Britain’s second application to join the EEC, it seems plausible that monetary issues acted as the spur for Wilson to take an initiative...
LitStream

The European Approach versus Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy

Hirowatari, Kiyoshi

Pages: 137 –150

[On 12 January 1967, before Wilson travelled to France and Belgium, Kaldor jotted down an interesting note on the subject of a European reserve currency. The background to this was a close approximation to the deadlock in Britain’s negotiations for EEC entry: the second try raised a further...
LitStream

The 1976 IMF Crisis and Its Aftermath

Hirowatari, Kiyoshi

Pages: 151 –174

[For Prime Minister James Callaghan, the 1976 IMF crisis was the most serious since the end of the Second World War.1 However, it was ‘less traumatic’.2 The austerity measures the IMF demanded did not prevent steady economic expansion in 1977–78 and the rapid improvement in the external position...
LitStream

Summary of Part II

Hirowatari, Kiyoshi

Pages: 175 –177

[The mid-1960s saw a new chapter in Labour’s relationship with the Common Market open. At the same time, Wilson was poised for a European approach to sterling in the negotiations over ‘the second try’. The backcloth to this scenario was the sterling crisis, which highlighted sterling’s...

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