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In discussing the training of the child with regard to eating, no effort will be made to deal with scientific nutrition. The question as to what the child should eat at various ages to promote favorable growth and health is of undoubted importance, but it is a problem of nutrition—of physiological chemistry—rather than one of training or education in its psychological aspects. It belongs in the realm of physical development rather than in that of psychology. With regard to the motivation of the function of eating, one can begin with the fact that eating is a universal process of animal organisms—an instinct ready to function very soon after birth. In living organisms as highly developed as mammals, not only does nature provide the instinct to eat, she also provides the correct food at the start. Like eating, sleeping is a natural instinctive function, necessary to life. As in eating, its fundamental conditions are set in the process of maturation. In sleeping, as in eating, there is much of the behavior of early years which is learned and which is of lifelong importance. The maturation of sleeping is discussed chiefly in terms of the amount of sleep naturally taken by infants and young children of various ages from birth on, and of the conditions for sleep insofar as they are indicated by the process of maturation. Training in the control of elimination (bowels and bladder) differs in one fundamental respect from training with regard to eating and sleeping. Training with regard to eating and sleeping is regularizing and establishing special techniques for functions, set up in maturation. In the case of elimination, however, the task is to teach not so much the regulation of a process set by maturation, as the negation or inhibition of such a process. Elimination is, to be sure, a rhythmical function and its natural rhythm is the only guide given by maturation in its control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
Published: Dec 12, 2011
Keywords: child psychology; training; eating; sleeping; elimination; instinct; sleep; maturation
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