Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

A source book of Gestalt psychology.Simple structural functions in the chimpanzee and in the chicken.

A source book of Gestalt psychology.: Simple structural functions in the chimpanzee and in the... Upon what kind of process do the memorial after-effects apparent in learning phenomena depend? An example will illustrate what is meant. An animal has learned to choose one or another of two achromatic colours. One perfectly consistent explanation of what has happened here would be the following: one of the colour processes has through experience acquired a positive, the other a negative, character. Thus the animal not only learns to approach one of the colours but it also learns to avoid the other. In the end these two products of learning will reciprocally aid one another. Such learning has been demonstrated (under other conditions) in experiments performed by Pavlov's methods. It does not greatly alter the results if colours slightly different from those of the learning series are substituted for the original ones. This shows that the memorial after-effect of the original pair holds not only for each specific colour but for a certain zone of adjacent colours. This zone is known as the range of substitution. As long as the colours substituted for the original colour do not go beyond this zone, the theory we shall here examine is able to explain a great number of facts, if one remembers that the substitution value of a stimulus is a direct function of its similarity to the original stimulus. (The complete version of this article appeared as "Nachweis einfacher Strukturfunktionen beim Schimpansen und beim Haushuhn. Über eine neue Methode zur Untersuchung des bunten Farbensystems" [Aus der Anthropoidenstation auf Teneriffa], Abh. d. Königl. Preuss. Ak. d. Wissen., Jahrg. 1918, Phys.-Math. Klasse, Nr. 2. Berlin, 1918, pp, 1-101. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

A source book of Gestalt psychology.Simple structural functions in the chimpanzee and in the chicken.

Download PDF
11 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/american-psychological-association/a-source-book-of-gestalt-psychology-simple-structural-functions-in-the-wl1E4zEeT6

References

References for this paper are not available at this time. We will be adding them shortly, thank you for your patience.

Publisher
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company
Copyright
Copyright © 1938 American Psychological Association
Pages
217 –227
DOI
10.1037/11496-018
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

Upon what kind of process do the memorial after-effects apparent in learning phenomena depend? An example will illustrate what is meant. An animal has learned to choose one or another of two achromatic colours. One perfectly consistent explanation of what has happened here would be the following: one of the colour processes has through experience acquired a positive, the other a negative, character. Thus the animal not only learns to approach one of the colours but it also learns to avoid the other. In the end these two products of learning will reciprocally aid one another. Such learning has been demonstrated (under other conditions) in experiments performed by Pavlov's methods. It does not greatly alter the results if colours slightly different from those of the learning series are substituted for the original ones. This shows that the memorial after-effect of the original pair holds not only for each specific colour but for a certain zone of adjacent colours. This zone is known as the range of substitution. As long as the colours substituted for the original colour do not go beyond this zone, the theory we shall here examine is able to explain a great number of facts, if one remembers that the substitution value of a stimulus is a direct function of its similarity to the original stimulus. (The complete version of this article appeared as "Nachweis einfacher Strukturfunktionen beim Schimpansen und beim Haushuhn. Über eine neue Methode zur Untersuchung des bunten Farbensystems" [Aus der Anthropoidenstation auf Teneriffa], Abh. d. Königl. Preuss. Ak. d. Wissen., Jahrg. 1918, Phys.-Math. Klasse, Nr. 2. Berlin, 1918, pp, 1-101. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Published: Aug 13, 2007

Keywords: chimpanzee; chicken; structural functions; Gestalt psychology; learning; memorial aftereffects; conditioning; color recognition

There are no references for this article.