Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
J. Becker, B. Prendergast, Jing Liang (2016)
Female rats are not more variable than male rats: a meta-analysis of neuroscience studiesBiology of Sex Differences, 7
C. Lozupone, Jesse Stombaugh, J. Gordon, J. Jansson, R. Knight (2012)
Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiotaNature, 489
Jonathan Cohen, J. Horton, H. Hobbs (2011)
Human Fatty Liver Disease: Old Questions and New InsightsScience, 332
P. Heine, J. Taylor, G. Iwamoto, D. Lubahn, P. Cooke (2000)
Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97 23
Xuqi Chen, Shayna Williams-Burris, R. McClusky, Tuck Ngun, Negar Ghahramani, H. Barseghyan, K. Reue, E. Vilain, A. Arnold (2013)
The Sex Chromosome Trisomy mouse model of XXY and XYY: metabolism and motor performanceBiology of Sex Differences, 4
J. Browning, L. Szczepaniak, R. Dobbins, Pamela Nuremberg, J. Horton, Jonathan Cohen, S. Grundy, H. Hobbs (2004)
Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: Impact of ethnicityHepatology, 40
Christian Høst, Anne Skakkebæk, Kristian Groth, A. Bojesen (2014)
The role of hypogonadism in Klinefelter SyndromeAsian Journal of Andrology, 16
Sienmi Du, N. Itoh, Sahar Askarinam, Haley Hill, A. Arnold, R. Voskuhl (2014)
XY sex chromosome complement, compared with XX, in the CNS confers greater neurodegeneration during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111
A. Mozumdar, G. Liguori (2010)
Persistent Increase of Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Adults: NHANES III to NHANES 1999–2006Diabetes Care, 34
(2010)
Age and sex differences in the clustering of metabolic syndrome factors: association with mortality risk
P. Heine, Julia Taylor, G. Iwamoto, D. Lubahn, P. Cooke (2000)
Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-α knockout miceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97
Leah Miller, Cheryl Marks, J. Becker, P. Hurn, Wei‐Jung Chen, T. Woodruff, M. McCarthy, F. Sohrabji, L. Schiebinger, Cora Wetherington, S. Makris, A. Arnold, G. Einstein, V. Miller, K. Sandberg, Susan Maier, T. Cornelison, J. Clayton (2017)
Considering sex as a biological variable in preclinical researchThe FASEB Journal, 31
Johanna Johnson, C. Slentz, B. Duscha, G. Samsa, Jennifer McCartney, J. Houmard, W. Kraus (2004)
Gender and racial differences in lipoprotein subclass distributions: the STRRIDE study.Atherosclerosis, 176 2
R. Cífková, A. Krajčoviechová (2015)
Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease in WomenCurrent Cardiology Reports, 17
Jiankang Liu, Caroline Fox, D. Hickson, Warren May, Kristen Hairston, J. Carr, Herman Taylor (2010)
Impact of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue on cardiometabolic risk factors: the Jackson Heart Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 95 12
J. Markle, D. Frank, Steven Mortin-Toth, C. Robertson, Leah Feazel, U. Rolle-Kampczyk, M. Bergen, K. McCoy, A. Macpherson, J. Danska (2013)
Sex Differences in the Gut Microbiome Drive Hormone-Dependent Regulation of AutoimmunityScience, 339
Eliza Geer, W. Shen (2009)
Gender differences in insulin resistance, body composition, and energy balance.Gender medicine, 6 Suppl 1
P. Turnbaugh, F. Bäckhed, L. Fulton, J. Gordon (2008)
Diet-induced obesity is linked to marked but reversible alterations in the mouse distal gut microbiome.Cell host & microbe, 3 4
A. Maas, Y. Appelman (2010)
Gender differences in coronary heart diseaseNetherlands Heart Journal, 18
J. Ong, A. Pitts, Z. Younossi (2008)
Increased overall mortality and liver-related mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Journal of hepatology, 49 4
Elise Jeffery, A. Wing, Brandon Holtrup, Zachary Sebo, Jennifer Kaplan, R. Saavedra-Peña, C. Church, Laura Colman, Ryan Berry, Matthew Rodeheffer (2016)
The Adipose Tissue Microenvironment Regulates Depot-Specific Adipogenesis in Obesity.Cell metabolism, 24 1
K. Ardlie, David DeLuca, A. Segrè, Timothy Sullivan, Taylor Young, Ellen Gelfand, Casandra Trowbridge, Julian Maller, T. Tukiainen, M. Lek, Lucas Ward, P. Kheradpour, Benjamin Iriarte, Yan Meng, Cameron Palmer, T. Esko, W. Winckler, J. Hirschhorn, M. Kellis, Daniel MacArthur, Gad Getz, Andrey Shabalin, Gen Li, Yi-Hui Zhou, A. Nobel, Ivan Rusyn, Fred Wright, Tuuli Lappalainen, Pedro Ferreira, H. Ongen, Manuel Rivas, Alexis Battle, Sara Mostafavi, Jean Monlong, M. Sammeth, Marta Melé, F. Reverter, Jakob Goldmann, Daphne Koller, R. Guigó, Mark McCarthy, E. Dermitzakis, Eric Gamazon, Hae Im, A. Konkashbaev, D. Nicolae, Nancy Cox, T. Flutre, Xiaoquan Wen, Matthew Stephens, Jonathan Pritchard, Zhidong Tu, Bin Zhang, Tao Huang, Quan Long, Luan Lin, Jialiang Yang, Jun Zhu, Jun Liu, A. Brown, Bernadette Mestichelli, D. Tidwell, E. Lo, Mike Salvatore, Saboor Shad, Jeffrey Thomas, John Lonsdale, M. Moser, Bryan Gillard, E. Karasik, Kimberly Ramsey, Christopher Choi, Barbara Foster, John Syron, Johnelle Fleming, Harold Magazine, Rick Hasz, Gary Walters, J. Bridge, Mark Miklos, Susan Sullivan, Laura Barker, H. Traino, M. Mosavel, L. Siminoff, Dana Valley, D. Rohrer, Scott Jewell, P. Branton, L. Sobin, M. Barcus, L. Qi, J. McLean, P. Hariharan, K. Um, Shenpei Wu, David Tabor, C. Shive, Anna Smith, Stephen Buia, Anita Undale, Karna Robinson, Nancy Roche, Kimberly Valentino, Angela Britton, R. Burges, Debra Bradbury, Kenneth Hambright, John Seleski, G. Korzeniewski, Kenyon Erickson, Yvonne Marcus, Jorge Tejada, Mehran Taherian, Chunrong Lu, Margaret Basile, Deborah Mash, Simona Volpi, Jeffery Struewing, Gary Temple, Joy Boyer, Deborah Colantuoni, Roger Little, S. Koester, Latarsha Carithers, Helen Moore, P. Guan, Carolyn Compton, Sherilyn Sawyer, J. Demchok, Jimmie Vaught, C. Rabiner, Lockhart (2015)
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) pilot analysis: Multitissue gene regulation in humansScience, 348
A. Arnold, Xuqi Chen (2009)
What does the “four core genotypes” mouse model tell us about sex differences in the brain and other tissues?Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 30
M. Harris, R. Eastman, C. Cowie, K. Flegal, M. Eberhardt (1997)
Comparison of Diabetes Diagnostic Categories in the U.S. Population According to 1997 American Diabetes Association and 1980–1985 World Health Organization Diagnostic CriteriaDiabetes Care, 20
A. Bojesen, Christian Høst, C. Gravholt (2010)
Klinefelter's syndrome, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: the impact of body composition.Molecular human reproduction, 16 6
S. Echwald, P. Larsen, O. Pedersen, T. Sørensen (2006)
[The genetics of obesity].Ugeskrift for laeger, 168 2
A. Araujo, J. Dixon, Elizabeth Suarez, M. Murad, L. Guey, G. Wittert (2011)
Endogenous Testosterone and Mortality in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 96
Simone Lemieux, Denis Prud'homme, C. Bouchard, Angelo Tremblay, J. Despres (1993)
Sex differences in the relation of visceral adipose tissue accumulation to total body fatness.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 58 4
E. Org, M. Mehrabian, Brian Parks, P. Shipkova, Xiaoqin Liu, T. Drake, A. Lusis (2016)
Sex differences and hormonal effects on gut microbiota composition in miceGut Microbes, 7
Y. Itoh, A. Arnold (2015)
Are females more variable than males in gene expression? Meta-analysis of microarray datasetsBiology of Sex Differences, 6
P. Nuutila, M. Knuuti, M. Mäki, H. Laine, U. Ruotsalainen, M. Teräs, Mikko Haaparanta, O. Solin, H. Yki-Järvinen (1995)
Gender and Insulin Sensitivity in the Heart and in Skeletal Muscles: Studies Using Positron Emission TomographyDiabetes, 44
E. Whitsel, E. Boyko, A. Matsumoto, B. Anawalt, D. Siscovick (2001)
Intramuscular testosterone esters and plasma lipids in hypogonadal men: a meta-analysis.The American journal of medicine, 111 4
H. Eyre, R. Kahn, R. Robertson (2004)
Preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes: a common agenda for theAmerican Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 54 4
N. Unwin, J. Shaw, P. Zimmet, K. Alberti (2002)
Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: the current status on definition and interventionDiabetic Medicine, 19
C. Gravholt (2004)
Epidemiological, endocrine and metabolic features in Turner syndrome.European journal of endocrinology, 151 6
Xuqi Chen, R. McClusky, Jenny Chen, Simon Beaven, P. Tontonoz, A. Arnold, K. Reue (2012)
The Number of X Chromosomes Causes Sex Differences in Adiposity in MicePLoS Genetics, 8
C. Wald, Corinna Wu (2010)
Of Mice and Women: The Bias in Animal ModelsScience, 327
D. Shungin, T. Winkler, Damien Croteau-Chonka, T. Ferreira, A. Locke, Reedik Mägi, R. Strawbridge, T. Pers, K. Fischer, A. Justice, T. Workalemahu, Joseph Wu, Martin Buchkovich, N. Heard-Costa, Tamara Roman, A. Drong, Ci Song, S. Gustafsson, F. Day, T. Esko, T. Fall, Z. Kutalik, J. Luan, J. Randall, A. Scherag, S. Vedantam, A. Wood, Jin Chen, Rudolf Fehrmann, J. Karjalainen, Bratati Kahali, Ching-Ti Liu, Ellen Schmidt, D. Absher, N. Amin, Denise Anderson, M. Beekman, J. Bragg-Gresham, S. Buyske, A. Demirkan, G. Ehret, M. Feitosa, A. Goel, A. Jackson, T. Johnson, M. Kleber, K. Kristiansson, M. Mangino, Irene Leach, C. Medina-Gomez, Cameron Palmer, D. Pasko, S. Pechlivanis, M. Peters, I. Prokopenko, A. Stančáková, Yun Sung, Toshiko Tanaka, A. Teumer, Jana Vliet-Ostaptchouk, L. Yengo, Weihua Zhang, E. Albrecht, J. Ärnlöv, Gillian Arscott, S. Bandinelli, Amy Barrett, C. Bellis, A. Bennett, Christian Berne, Matthias Blüher, S. Böhringer, Fabrice Bonnet, Y. Böttcher, M. Bruinenberg, D. Carba, I. Caspersen, R. Clarke, E. Daw, J. Deelen, E. Deelman, G. Delgado, A. Doney, N. Eklund, M. Erdos, K. Estrada, Elodie Eury, N. Friedrich, Melissa Garcia, V. Giedraitis, B. Gigante, Alan Go, Alain Golay, H. Grallert, T. Grammer, Jürgen Grässler, Jagvir Grewal, C. Groves, T. Haller, G. Hallmans, C. Hartman, M. Hassinen, C. Hayward, K. Heikkilä, K. Herzig, Q. Helmer, H. Hillege, O. Holmen, Steven Hunt, A. Isaacs, T. Ittermann, Alan James, I. Johansson, Thorhildur Juliusdottir, I. Kalafati, L. Kinnunen, Wolfgang Koenig, I. Kooner, Wolfgang Kratzer, C. Lamina, K. Leander, N. Lee, P. Lichtner, Lars Lind, J. Lindström, S. Lobbens, M. Lorentzon, François Mach, P. Magnusson, A. Mahajan, W. McArdle, C. Menni, S. Merger, E. Mihailov, L. Milani, Rebecca Mills, A. Moayyeri, K. Monda, S. Mooijaart, Thomas Mühleisen, A. Mulas, G. Müller, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, R. Nagaraja, Michael Nalls, Narisu Narisu, N. Glorioso, I. Nolte, M. Olden, N. Rayner, Frida Renstrom, J. Ried, N. Robertson, L. Rose, S. Sanna, H. Scharnagl, S. Scholtens, B. Sennblad, Thomas Seufferlein, Colleen Sitlani, Albert Smith, K. Stirrups, H. Stringham, J. Sundström, M. Swertz, A. Swift, A. Syvänen, B. Tayo, B. Thorand, G. Thorleifsson, A. Tomaschitz, C. Troffa, F. Oort, N. Verweij, J. Vonk, L. Waite, R. Wennauer, T. Wilsgaard, M. Wojczynski, A. Wong, Qunyuan Zhang, Jing Zhao, E. Brennan, Murim Choi, Per Eriksson, Lasse Folkersen, A. Franco-Cereceda, A. Gharavi, Å. Hedman, M. Hivert, Jinyan Huang, S. Kanoni, F. Karpe, S. Keildson, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Liming Liang, R. Lifton, Baoshan Ma, A. McKnight, R. McPherson, A. Metspalu, J. Min, M. Moffatt, G. Montgomery, J. Murabito, G. Nicholson, D. Nyholt, Christian Olsson, J. Perry, E. Reinmaa, R. Salem, N. Sandholm, E. Schadt, Robert Scott, L. Stolk, E. Vallejo, H. Westra, K. Zondervan, P. Amouyel, D. Arveiler, Stephan Bakker, J. Beilby, Richard Bergman, J. Blangero, Morris Brown, M. Burnier, Harry Campbell, A. Chakravarti, P. Chines, S. Claudi‐boehm, F. Collins, Dana Crawford, J. Danesh, U. Faire, E. Geus, M. Dörr, R. Erbel, Jenny Eriksson, M. Farrall, E. Ferrannini, J. Ferrières, N. Forouhi, Terrence Forrester, Oscar Franco, R. Gansevoort, C. Gieger, V. Gudnason, C. Haiman, T. Harris, A. Hattersley, M. Heliövaara, Andrew Hicks, A. Hingorani, Wolfgang Hoffmann, A. Hofman, G. Homuth, Steve Humphries, Elina Hyppönen, T. Illig, M. Jarvelin, B. Johansen, P. Jousilahti, A. Jula, J. Kaprio, F. Kee, S. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, J. Kooner, C. Kooperberg, Peter Kovacs, A. Kraja, M. Kumari, K. Kuulasmaa, J. Kuusisto, T. Lakka, C. Langenberg, L. Marchand, T. Lehtimäki, V. Lyssenko, S. Männistö, A. Marette, T. Matise, C. McKenzie, Barbara McKnight, Arthur Musk, S. Möhlenkamp, Andrew Morris, M. Nelis, Claes Ohlsson, A. Oldehinkel, Ken Ong, L. Palmer, B.W.J.H. Penninx, Annette Peters, P. Pramstaller, Olli Raitakari, T. Rankinen, D. Rao, T. Rice, P. Ridker, M. Ritchie, I. Rudan, V. Salomaa, N. Samani, J. Saramies, M. Sarzynski, Peter Schwarz, A. Shuldiner, J. Staessen, V. Steinthorsdottir, Ronald Stolk, K. Strauch, A. Tönjes, Angelo Tremblay, E. Tremoli, M. Vohl, U. Völker, P. Vollenweider, James Wilson, J. Witteman, Linda Adair, M. Bochud, Bernhard Boehm, S. Bornstein, Claude Bouchard, S. Cauchi, M. Caulfield, J. Chambers, D. Chasman, Richard Cooper, G. Dedoussis, L. Ferrucci, P. Froguel, H. Grabe, A. Hamsten, Jennie Hui, K. Hveem, K. Jöckel, M. Kivimaki, D. Kuh, M. Laakso, Yongmei Liu, Winfried März, P. Munroe, I. Njølstad, B. Oostra, Colin Palmer, Nancy Pedersen, M. Perola, L. Pérusse, U. Peters, C. Power, T. Quertermous, R. Rauramaa, F. Rivadeneira, T. Saaristo, D. Saleheen, J. Sinisalo, P. Slagboom, H. Snieder, T. Spector, U. Thorsteinsdóttir, Michael Stumvoll, J. Tuomilehto, A. Uitterlinden, Matti Uusitupa, P. Harst, Giovanni Veronesi, Mark Walker, N. Wareham, Hugh Watkins, H. Wichmann, G. Abecasis, T. Assimes, S. Berndt, M. Boehnke, I. Borecki, P. Deloukas, L. Franke, T. Frayling, L. Groop, David Hunter, R. Kaplan, J. O’Connell, Lu Qi, D. Schlessinger, David Strachan, Kári Stefánsson, C. Duijn, C. Willer, P. Visscher, Jian Yang, J. Hirschhorn, M. Zillikens, M. McCarthy, Elizabeth Speliotes, K. North, C. Fox, I. Barroso, Paul Franks, E. Ingelsson, I. Heid, Ruth Loos, L. Cupples, Andrew Morris, C. Lindgren, K. Mohlke (2014)
New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distributionNature, 518
J. Kuk, R. Ross (2009)
Influence of sex on total and regional fat loss in overweight and obese men and womenInternational Journal of Obesity, 33
J. Ruige, A. Mahmoud, D. Bacquer, J. Kaufman (2010)
Endogenous testosterone and cardiovascular disease in healthy men: a meta-analysisHeart, 97
Z. Younossi, M. Otgonsuren, C. Venkatesan, A. Mishra (2013)
In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolically abnormal individuals are at a higher risk for mortality while metabolically normal individuals are not.Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 62 3
A. Lusis, A. Attie, K. Reue (2008)
Metabolic syndrome: from epidemiology to systems biologyNature Reviews Genetics, 9
S. Fried, Mi-Jeong Lee, K. Karastergiou (2015)
Shaping fat distribution: New insights into the molecular determinants of depot‐ and sex‐dependent adipose biologyObesity, 23
KL Grove, SK Fried, A. Greenberg, XQ Xiao, DJ Clegg (2010)
A microarray analysis of sexual dimorphism of adipose tissues in high-fat-diet-induced obese miceInternational Journal of Obesity, 34
Zeneng Wang, Elizabeth Klipfell, Brian Bennett, Robert Koeth, B. Levison, Brandon Dugar, Ariel Feldstein, Earl Britt, Xiaoming Fu, Yoon-Mi Chung, Yuping Wu, P. Schauer, Jonathan Smith, H. Allayee, W. Tang, J. DiDonato, A. Lusis, Stanley Hazen (2011)
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular diseaseNature, 472
B. Palmer, D. Clegg (2015)
The sexual dimorphism of obesityMolecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 402
A. Zarrinpar, Amandine Chaix, Shibu Yooseph, Satchidananda Panda (2014)
Diet and feeding pattern affect the diurnal dynamics of the gut microbiome.Cell metabolism, 20 6
C. Ohlsson, N. Hellberg, P. Parini, O. Vidal, M. Bohlooly, M. Rudling, M. Lindberg, M. Warner, B. Angelin, J. Gustafsson (2000)
Obesity and Disturbed Lipoprotein Profile in Estrogen Receptor-α-Deficient Male MiceBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 278
P. Burgoyne (1993)
A Y-chromosomal effect on blastocyst cell number in mice.Development, 117 1
J. Bartlett, I. Predazzi, Scott Williams, W. Bush, Yeunjung Kim, S. Havas, P. Toth, S. Fazio, Michael Miller (2016)
Is Isolated Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor?: New Insights From the Framingham Offspring StudyCirculation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 9
A. Monroe, A. Dobs (2013)
The effect of androgens on lipidsCurrent Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity, 20
A. Paun, J. Danska (2016)
Modulation of type 1 and type 2 diabetes risk by the intestinal microbiomePediatric Diabetes, 17
Helen Karakelides, B. Irving, K. Short, P. O'Brien, S. Nair (2009)
Age, Obesity, and Sex Effects on Insulin Sensitivity and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial FunctionDiabetes, 59
H. Nishizawa, I. Shimomura, K. Kishida, N. Maeda, H. Kuriyama, H. Nagaretani, M. Matsuda, H. Kondo, N. Furuyama, S. Kihara, Tadashi Nakamura, Y. Tochino, T. Funahashi, Y. Matsuzawa (2002)
Androgens decrease plasma adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipocyte-derived protein.Diabetes, 51 9
K. Sandberg, J. Umans (2015)
Recommendations concerning the new U.S. National Institutes of Health initiative to balance the sex of cells and animals in preclinical researchThe FASEB Journal, 29
Jen-Jung Pan, M. Fallon (2014)
Gender and racial differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.World journal of hepatology, 6 5
H. Eyre, R. Kahn, R. Robertson (2004)
Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart AssociationCirculation: Journal of the American Heart Association, 109
S. Tjoa, Paul Fennessey (1991)
The identification of trimethylamine excess in man: quantitative analysis and biochemical origins.Analytical biochemistry, 197 1
Lan Shen, C. Melloni (2010)
Representation of Women in Randomized Clinical Trials of Cardiovascular Disease PreventionCurrent Cardiovascular Risk Reports, 8
J. Danska (2014)
Sex Matters for MechanismScience Translational Medicine, 6
Xia Yang, E. Schadt, Susanna Wang, Hui Wang, A. Arnold, L. Ingram-drake, T. Drake, A. Lusis (2006)
Tissue-specific expression and regulation of sexually dimorphic genes in mice.Genome research, 16 8
P. Poirier, T. Giles, G. Bray, Yuling Hong, J. Stern, F. Pi‐Sunyer, R. Eckel (2006)
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight LossArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 26
V. Senthong, Zeneng Wang, Xinmin Li, Yiying Fan, Yuping Wu, W. Tang, S. Hazen (2016)
Intestinal Microbiota‐Generated Metabolite Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide and 5‐Year Mortality Risk in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The Contributory Role of Intestinal Microbiota in a COURAGE‐Like Patient CohortJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 5
M. Garaulet, F. Pérez-Llamas, J. Baraza, M. García‐Prieto, P. Fardy, F. Tébar, S. Zamora (2002)
Body fat distribution in pre-and post-menopausal women: metabolic and anthropometric variables.The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 6 2
Karine Blouin, A. Boivin, A. Tchernof (2008)
Androgens and body fat distributionThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 108
J. Clark, F. Brancati, A. Diehl (2003)
The prevalence and etiology of elevated aminotransferase levels in the United StatesAmerican Journal of Gastroenterology, 98
Roberta Lima, M. Wofford, J. Reckelhoff (2012)
Hypertension in Postmenopausal WomenCurrent Hypertension Reports, 14
(2006)
The metabolic syndrome is frequent in Klinefelter’s syndrome and is associated with abdominal obesity and hypogonadism
Z. Younossi, M. Stepanova, F. Negro, Shareh Hallaji, Youssef Younossi, B. Lam, Manirath Srishord (2012)
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Lean Individuals in the United StatesMedicine, 91
Jenny Link, Xuqi Chen, C. Prien, Mark Borja, Bradley Hammerson, M. Oda, A. Arnold, K. Reue (2015)
Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Mice With XX Versus XY Sex ChromosomesArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 35
V. Bittner (2005)
Perspectives on dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease in women.Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46 9
A. Arnold, P. Burgoyne (2004)
Are XX and XY brain cells intrinsically different?Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 15
Rumana Yasmeen, Barbara Reichert, J. Deiuliis, Fangping Yang, Alisha Lynch, Joseph Meyers, M. Sharlach, Sangsu Shin, Katharina Volz, Kari Green, Kichoon Lee, H. Alder, G. Duester, R. Zechner, S. Rajagopalan, O. Ziouzenkova (2012)
Autocrine Function of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 as a Determinant of Diet- and Sex-Specific Differences in Visceral AdiposityDiabetes, 62
A. czy, Yk (2012)
Cardiovascular and metabolic problems in Turner ’ s syndrome patients
F. Schaffner, H. Thaler (1986)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Progress in liver diseases, 8
A. Arnold, Xuqi Chen, Jenny Link, Y. Itoh, K. Reue (2013)
Cell‐autonomous sex determination outside of the gonadDevelopmental Dynamics, 242
A. Pradhan (2014)
Sex differences in the metabolic syndrome: implications for cardiovascular health in women.Clinical chemistry, 60 1
M. Zamboni, F. Armellini, M. Milani, M. DeMarchi, T. Todesco, R. Robbi, Bergamo-Andreis Ia, O. Bosello (1992)
Body fat distribution in pre- and post-menopausal women: metabolic and anthropometric variables and their inter-relationships.International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 16 7
Yong Xu, T. Nedungadi, Liangru Zhu, Nasim Sobhani, B. Irani, Kathryn Davis, Xiaorui Zhang, Fang Zou, L. Gent, L. Hahner, Sohaib Khan, C. Elias, J. Elmquist, D. Clegg (2011)
Distinct hypothalamic neurons mediate estrogenic effects on energy homeostasis and reproduction.Cell metabolism, 14 4
Casper Hagen, K. Main, S. Kjaergaard, A. Juul (2010)
FSH, LH, inhibin B and estradiol levels in Turner syndrome depend on age and karyotype: longitudinal study of 70 Turner girls with or without spontaneous puberty.Human reproduction, 25 12
F. Mauvais-Jarvis (2015)
Sex differences in metabolic homeostasis, diabetes, and obesityBiology of Sex Differences, 6
Hua Zhang, Yuanwu Liu, Li Wang, Zhen Li, Hongwen Zhang, Jihua Wu, N. Rahman, Yangdong Guo, Defa Li, Ning Li, I. Huhtaniemi, S. Tsang, G. Gao, Xiangdong Li (2013)
Differential effects of estrogen/androgen on the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the male rat[S]Journal of Lipid Research, 54
C. Ohlsson, N. Hellberg, P. Parini, O. Vidal, M. Bohlooly-y, M. Rudling, M. Lindberg, M. Warner, B. Angelin, J. Gustafsson (2000)
Obesity and disturbed lipoprotein profile in estrogen receptor-alpha-deficient male mice.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 278 3
Y. Sung, L. Pérusse, M. Sarzynski, M. Fornage, S. Sidney, B. Sternfeld, T. Rice, Greg Terry, D. Jacobs, P. Katzmarzyk, J. Curran, J. Carr, J. Blangero, Sujoy Ghosh, J. Despres, T. Rankinen, D. Rao, C. Bouchard (2015)
Genome-wide association studies suggest sex-specific loci associated with abdominal and visceral fatInternational journal of obesity (2005), 40
Y. Itoh, Ryan Mackie, K. Kampf, Shelly Domadia, Judith Brown, R. O’Neill, A. Arnold (2015)
Four Core Genotypes mouse model: localization of the Sry transgene and bioassay for testicular hormone levelsBMC Research Notes, 8
P. Collins (2008)
HDL-C in post-menopausal women: An important therapeutic target.International journal of cardiology, 124 3
R. Bukowski, Gordon Smith, F. Malone, R. Ball, D. Nyberg, C. Comstock, G. Hankins, R. Berkowitz, S. Gross, L. Dugoff, S. Craigo, I. Timor-Tritsch, S. Carr, H. Wolfe, M. D’Alton (2007)
Human sexual size dimorphism in early pregnancy.American journal of epidemiology, 165 10
Haifei Shi, R. Seeley, D. Clegg (2009)
Sexual differences in the control of energy homeostasisFrontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 30
Brian Parks, Elizabeth Nam, E. Org, Emrah Kostem, F. Norheim, S. Hui, Calvin Pan, M. Civelek, Christoph Rau, Brian Bennett, M. Mehrabian, L. Ursell, Aiqing He, L. Castellani, B. Zinker, M. Kirby, T. Drake, C. Drevon, R. Knight, Peter Gargalovic, T. Kirchgessner, E. Eskin, A. Lusis (2013)
Genetic control of obesity and gut microbiota composition in response to high-fat, high-sucrose diet in mice.Cell metabolism, 17 1
A. Arnold, K. Reue, M. Eghbali, E. Vilain, Xuqi Chen, Negar Ghahramani, Y. Itoh, Jingyuan Li, Jenny Link, Tuck Ngun, Shayna Williams-Burris (2016)
The importance of having two X chromosomesPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371
David Freedman, J. Otvos, E. Jeyarajah, I. Shalaurova, L. Cupples, H. Parise, Ralph D’Agostino, P. Wilson, Ernst Schaefer (2004)
Sex and age differences in lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: the Framingham Study.Clinical chemistry, 50 7
A. Wise, Lin Gyi, T. Manolio (2013)
eXclusion: toward integrating the X chromosome in genome-wide association analyses.American journal of human genetics, 92 5
Dieter Lang, Catherine Yeung, Raimund Peter, Catherine Ibarra, Rodolfo Gasser, Kiyoshi Itagaki, R. Philpot, A. Rettie (1998)
Isoform specificity of trimethylamine N-oxygenation by human flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) and P450 enzymes: selective catalysis by FMO3.Biochemical pharmacology, 56 8
D. Goff, A. Bertoni, H. Kramer, D. Bonds, R. Blumenthal, M. Tsai, B. Psaty (2006)
Dyslipidemia Prevalence, Treatment, and Control in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA): Gender, Ethnicity, and Coronary Artery CalciumCirculation, 113
K. Karastergiou, Steven Smith, A. Greenberg, S. Fried (2012)
Sex differences in human adipose tissues – the biology of pear shapeBiology of Sex Differences, 3
Y. Rochlani, N. Pothineni, J. Mehta (2015)
Metabolic Syndrome: Does it Differ Between Women and Men?Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 29
H. Kvist, B. Chowdhury, U. Grangård, U. Tylén, L. Sjöström (1988)
Total and visceral adipose-tissue volumes derived from measurements with computed tomography in adult men and women: predictive equations.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 48 6
Caroline Fox, Joseph Massaro, U. Hoffmann, Karla Pou, P. Maurovich-Horvat, Chunyu Liu, R. Vasan, J. Murabito, J. Meigs, L. Cupples, Ralph D’Agostino, Christopher O’Donnell (2007)
Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Compartments: Association With Metabolic Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart StudyCirculation, 116
Edinburgh Research Explorer Genome-wide association for abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose reveals a novel locus for visceral fat in women
W. Tang, S. Hazen (2017)
Microbiome, trimethylamine N-oxide, and cardiometabolic disease.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 179
Jingyuan Li, Xuqi Chen, R. McClusky, Maureen Ruiz-Sundstrom, Y. Itoh, S. Umar, A. Arnold, M. Eghbali (2014)
The number of X chromosomes influences protection from cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice: one X is better than two.Cardiovascular research, 102 3
I. Heid, A. Jackson, J. Randall, T. Winkler, L. Qi, V. Steinthorsdottir, G. Thorleifsson, M. Zillikens, Elizabeth Speliotes, R. Mägi, T. Workalemahu, Charles White, N. Bouatia-Naji, T. Harris, S. Berndt, E. Ingelsson, C. Willer, M. Weedon, J. Luan, S. Vedantam, T. Esko, T. Kilpeläinen, Z. Kutalik, Shengxu Li, K. Monda, A. Dixon, C. Holmes, L. Kaplan, L. Liang, J. Min, M. Moffatt, C. Molony, G. Nicholson, E. Schadt, K. Zondervan, M. Feitosa, T. Ferreira, H. Allen, R. Weyant, E. Wheeler, A. Wood, K. Estrada, M. Goddard, G. Lettre, M. Mangino, D. Nyholt, S. Purcell, A. Smith, P. Visscher, Jian Yang, S. Mccarroll, J. Nemesh, B. Voight, D. Absher, N. Amin, T. Aspelund, L. Coin, N. Glazer, C. Hayward, N. Heard-Costa, J. Hottenga, Å. Johansson, T. Johnson, M. Kaakinen, K. Kapur, Shamika Ketkar, J. Knowles, P. Kraft, A. Kraja, C. Lamina, M. Leitzmann, B. McKnight, A. Morris, K. Ong, J. Perry, M. Peters, O. Polašek, I. Prokopenko, N. Rayner, S. Ripatti, F. Rivadeneira, N. Robertson, S. Sanna, U. Sovio, I. Surakka, A. Teumer, S. Wingerden, V. Vitart, J. Zhao, Christine Cavalcanti-Proença, P. Chines, E. Fisher, Jennifer Kulzer, C. Lecoeur, Narisu Narisu, C. Sandholt, L. Scott, K. Silander, K. Stark, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Tanya Teslovich, N. Timpson, R. Watanabe, Ryan Welch, D. Chasman, M. Cooper, J. Jansson, J. Kettunen, R. Lawrence, Niina Pellikka, M. Perola, L. Vandenput, Helene Alavere, P. Almgren, L. Atwood, A. Bennett, R. Biffar, L. Bonnycastle, S. Bornstein, T. Buchanan, H. Campbell, I. Day, Mariano Dei, M. Dörr, P. Elliott, M. Erdos, J. Eriksson, N. Freimer, Mao Fu, Stefan Gaget, E. Geus, A. Gjesing, H. Grallert, J. Grässler, C. Groves, C. Guiducci, A. Hartikainen, N. Hassanali, A. Havulinna, K. Herzig, A. Hicks, J. Hui, W. Igl, P. Jousilahti, A. Jula, E. Kajantie, L. Kinnunen, I. Kolčić, S. Koskinen, P. Kovacs, H. Kroemer, V. Krželj, J. Kuusisto, K. Kvaløy, J. Laitinen, O. Lantieri, G. Lathrop, M. Lokki, R. Luben, B. Ludwig, W. McArdle, Anne McCarthy, M. Morken, M. Nelis, M. Neville, G. Paré, A. Parker, J. Peden, I. Pichler, K. Pietiläinen, Carl Platou, A. Pouta, M. Ridderstråle, N. Samani, J. Saramies, J. Sinisalo, J. Smit, R. Strawbridge, H. Stringham, A. Swift, M. Teder-Laving, Brian Thomson, G. Usala, J. Meurs, G. Ommen, V. Vatin, C. Volpato, H. Wallaschofski, G. Walters, E. Widén, S. Wild, G. Willemsen, D. Witte, L. Zgaga, P. Zitting, J. Beilby, A. James, M. Kähönen, T. Lehtimäki, M. Nieminen, C. Ohlsson, L. Palmer, O. Raitakari, P. Ridker, M. Stumvoll, A. Tönjes, J. Viikari, B. Balkau, Y. Ben-Shlomo, R. Bergman, H. Boeing, G. Smith, S. Ebrahim, P. Froguel, T. Hansen, C. Hengstenberg, K. Hveem, B. Isomaa, T. Jørgensen, F. Karpe, K. Khaw, M. Laakso, D. Lawlor, M. Marre, T. Meitinger, A. Metspalu, K. Midthjell, O. Pedersen, V. Salomaa, P. Schwarz, T. Tuomi, J. Tuomilehto, T. Valle, N. Wareham, A. Arnold, J. Beckmann, S. Bergmann, E. Boerwinkle, D. Boomsma, M. Caulfield, F. Collins, G. Eiriksdottir, V. Gudnason, U. Gyllensten, A. Hamsten, A. Hattersley, A. Hofman, F. Hu, T. Illig, C. Iribarren, M. Jarvelin, W. Kao, J. Kaprio, L. Launer, P. Munroe, B. Oostra, B. Penninx, P. Pramstaller, B. Psaty, T. Quertermous, A. Rissanen, I. Rudan, A. Shuldiner, N. Soranzo, T. Spector, A. Syvanen, M. Uda, A. Uitterlinden, H. Völzke, P. Vollenweider, James Wilson, J. Witteman, A. Wright, G. Abecasis, M. Boehnke, I. Borecki, P. Deloukas, T. Frayling, L. Groop, T. Haritunians, D. Hunter, R. Kaplan, K. North, J. O’Connell, L. Peltonen, D. Schlessinger, D. Strachan, J. Hirschhorn, T. Assimes, H. Wichmann, U. Thorsteinsdóttir, C. Duijn, K. Stefánsson, L. Cupples, R. Loos, I. Barroso, M. McCarthy, C. Fox, K. Mohlke, C. Lindgren (2010)
Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distributionNature Genetics, 42
Jenny Link, Xuqi Chen, A. Arnold, K. Reue (2013)
Metabolic impact of sex chromosomesAdipocyte, 2
W. Castelli, K. Anderson, P. Wilson, Daniel Levy (1992)
Lipids and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study.Annals of epidemiology, 2 1-2
A. Arnold (2009)
Mouse Models for Evaluating Sex Chromosome Effects that Cause Sex Differences in Non‐Gonadal TissuesJournal of Neuroendocrinology, 21
R. Considine, M. Sinha, M. Heiman, A. Kriauciunas, T. Stephens, M. Nyce, Joanna Ohannesian, Cheryl Marco, L. McKee, T. Bauer, J. Caro (1996)
Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans.The New England journal of medicine, 334 5
L. Adams, P. Angulo, K. Lindor (2005)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseCanadian Medical Association Journal, 172
P. Turnbaugh, R. Ley, M. Mahowald, V. Magrini, E. Mardis, J. Gordon (2006)
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvestNature, 444
Winston Dunn, R. Xu, D. Wingard, C. Rogers, P. Angulo, Z. Younossi, J. Schwimmer (2008)
Suspected Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Mortality Risk in a Population-Based Cohort StudyThe American Journal of Gastroenterology, 103
V. Murthy, H. Krumholz, C. Gross (2004)
Participation in cancer clinical trials: race-, sex-, and age-based disparities.JAMA, 291 22
WuQiang Fan, T. Yanase, M. Nomura, T. Okabe, K. Goto, Takashi Sato, H. Kawano, S. Kato, H. Nawata (2005)
Androgen receptor null male mice develop late-onset obesity caused by decreased energy expenditure and lipolytic activity but show normal insulin sensitivity with high adiponectin secretion.Diabetes, 54 4
H. Ahmed-Sorour, C. Bailey (1981)
Role of Ovarian Hormones in the Long-Term Control of Glucose Homeostasis Glycogen Formation and GluconeogenesisAnnals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 25
A. Tchernof, J. Despres (2013)
Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update.Physiological reviews, 93 1
Xuewen Wang, F. Magkos, B. Mittendorfer (2011)
Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: it's not just about sex hormones.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 96 4
S. Musatov, Walter Chen, D. Pfaff, C. Mobbs, Xue-jun Yang, D. Clegg, M. Kaplitt, S. Ogawa (2007)
Silencing of estrogen receptor α in the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus leads to metabolic syndromeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104
P. Burgoyne, Thornhill Ar, Boudrean Sk, S. Darling, C. Bishop, Evans Ep (1995)
The genetic basis of XX-XY differences present before gonadal sex differentiation in the mouse.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 350 1333
F. Magkos, F. Magkos, B. Mohammed, B. Mittendorfer (2008)
Effect of obesity on the plasma lipoprotein subclass profile in normoglycemic and normolipidemic men and womenInternational Journal of Obesity, 32
T. Tran, Yuji Yamamoto, S. Gesta, C. Kahn (2008)
Beneficial effects of subcutaneous fat transplantation on metabolism.Cell metabolism, 7 5
Weifei Zhu, J. Gregory, E. Org, J. Buffa, N. Gupta, Zeneng Wang, Lin Li, Xiaoming Fu, Yuping Wu, M. Mehrabian, R. Sartor, T. McIntyre, R. Silverstein, W. Tang, J. DiDonato, J. Brown, A. Lusis, S. Hazen (2016)
Gut Microbial Metabolite TMAO Enhances Platelet Hyperreactivity and Thrombosis RiskCell, 165
B. Mittendorfer (2005)
Insulin resistance: sex mattersCurrent Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 8
J. Clayton, F. Collins (2014)
Policy: NIH to balance sex in cell and animal studiesNature, 509
Xuqi Chen, Lixin Wang, D. Loh, C. Colwell, Y. Taché, K. Reue, A. Arnold (2015)
Sex differences in diurnal rhythms of food intake in mice caused by gonadal hormones and complement of sex chromosomesHormones and Behavior, 75
J. Clemente, L. Ursell, L. Parfrey, R. Knight (2012)
The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Human Health: An Integrative ViewCell, 148
Brian Parks, T. Sallam, M. Mehrabian, Nikolas Psychogios, S. Hui, F. Norheim, L. Castellani, Christoph Rau, Calvin Pan, Jennifer Phun, Zhenqi Zhou, Wen-pin Yang, Isaac Neuhaus, Peter Gargalovic, T. Kirchgessner, M. Graham, Richard Lee, P. Tontonoz, R. Gerszten, A. Hevener, A. Lusis (2015)
Genetic architecture of insulin resistance in the mouse.Cell metabolism, 21 2
C. Krebs, Deqiang Zhang, L. Yin, D. Robins (2013)
The KRAB Zinc Finger Protein RSL1 Modulates Sex-Biased Gene Expression in Liver and Adipose Tissue To Maintain Metabolic HomeostasisMolecular and Cellular Biology, 34
M. Gurka, C. Lilly, M. Oliver, M. DeBoer (2014)
An examination of sex and racial/ethnic differences in the metabolic syndrome among adults: a confirmatory factor analysis and a resulting continuous severity score.Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 63 2
V. Calcaterra, P. Brambilla, G. Maffé, C. Klersy, R. Albertini, F. Introzzi, E. Bozzola, M. Bozzola, D. Larizza (2014)
Metabolic syndrome in Turner syndrome and relation between body composition and clinical, genetic, and ultrasonographic characteristics.Metabolic syndrome and related disorders, 12 3
Stacy Porter, J. Massaro, U. Hoffmann, R. Vasan, C. O'Donnel, C. Fox (2009)
Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue: A Protective Fat Depot?Diabetes Care, 32
A. Isidori, E. Giannetta, E. Greco, D. Gianfrilli, V. Bonifacio, A. Isidori, A. Lenzi, A. Fabbri (2005)
Effects of testosterone on body composition, bone metabolism and serum lipid profile in middle‐aged men: a meta‐analysisClinical Endocrinology, 63
Men and women exhibit significant differences in obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. To provide better diagnosis and treatment for both sexes, it is important to identify factors that underlie the observed sex differences. Traditionally, sex differences have been attributed to the differential effects of male and female gonadal secretions (commonly referred to as sex hormones), which substantially influence many aspects of metabolism and related diseases. Less appreciated as a contributor to sex differences are the fundamental genetic differences between males and females, which are ultimately determined by the presence of an XX or XY sex chromosome complement. Here, we review the mechanisms by which gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement each contribute to lipid metabolism and associated diseases, and the current approaches that are used to study them. We focus particularly on genetic approaches including genome-wide association studies in humans and mice, -omics and systems genetics approaches, and unique experimental mouse models that allow distinction between gonadal and sex chromosome effects.
Annual Review of Nutrition – Annual Reviews
Published: Aug 21, 2017
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.