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Contents 1. Introduction 2. Authorization of the Use of Force by the UN Security Council 2.1. Expanding the Concept of Threats to the Peace 2.2. The New Concept of Revived Authorization 2.2.1. The Bombing of Military Targets in Iraq 2.2.2. The War Against Iraq 3. The Right of Self-Defence 3.1. Expanding the Definition of Armed Attack 3.1.1. Attacks on a State's Outposts and Nationals Abroad 3.1.2. Attacks by Non-State Actors 3.2. Widening the Notion of 'Occurrence' of an Armed Attack 3.2.1. Ongoing Attacks 3.2.2. Imminent and Non-Imminent Attacks 3.3. Retaining the Means of Self-Defence 4. Humanitarian Intervention 5. Military Rescue Operations 6. Self-Help Involving the Use of Force 7. Conclusion 1. Introduction Despite all the talk of multilateralism and European integration, decisions on 'war and peace' are still very much a national affair. Referring to the question of the possible use of force against Iraq, on 13 September 2002 German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder said in the German Parliament, the Bundestag: "the fundamental existential questions of the German nation will be decided in Berlin and nowhere else."' For a long time, the bitter experience of two devastating world wars shaped Germany's view on the use of force in such
Baltic Yearbook of International Law Online – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2005
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