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living critically?

living critically? i Th s text contains the introduction and the summer y of the contributions of this first issue. As editors, we have focused on the commonalit y of people forced into critical engagement by authoritarian, discrimi- nator y and capitalist structures in order to highlight their dif ferent practices. We attempt to make these forms of critique f rom outside the universit y more audible. By tr ying to do so, we have had to question our approach repeatedly, as it has (been and continues to be shown) became apparent that the process of listening is challenging and requires an openness that can by no means be taken for granted. Title Key words social critique, self-critique, knowledge transfer, discriminator y experience … that hurts! Living critically and not criticizing as a purpose in itself means to face up to concrete circumstances and, with this, also to face the way these circumstances are given for oneself within the society. Further, the circumstances themselves can cause trouble and pain, which set of f critical thinking. Without it always being an act of free choice, people af fected by discrimination, for instance, are forced to live critically and confront the present situation. o Th se who live critically question the given and thus ge - nerate an irritation, a rejection, sometimes a disruption of the prevailing circumstan- ces and of the actors who maintain it. As editors, we have focused on the commonalities between people forced into criti- cal engagement by authoritarian, discriminatory and capitalist structures in order to highlight their dif ferent practices. We attempt to make these forms of critique from outside the university more audible. By trying to do so, we have had to question our approach repeatedly, as it has (been and continues to be shown) became apparent that Corresponding author: Helen Akin, Cindy Salzwedel & Paul*A Helfritzsch; aua-redaktion@riseup.net http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-8212 (Helen Akin); http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-4731 (Cindy Salzwedel); http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9229-5007 (Paul*A Helfritzsch) Open Access. © Helen Akin, Cindy Salzwedel & Paul*A Helfritzsch 2022, published by transcript Verlag This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (BY ) license 2022 16 Helen Akin, Cind y S alz wedel & Paul *A Hel fr it z s ch the process of listening is challenging and requires an openness that can by no means be taken for granted. We as an editorial collective have an emancipatory intersectional attunement to our work. e Th refore we would like to point out that one of the biggest gaps in this first issue and also in our work so far concerns the topic of anti-racism: there was no other area for which we sent out as many requests as for this one, all together to five initia - tives from Vienna, Frankfurt a.M., and Hanau as well as to three private individuals. However, at the same time, we received more refusals than in any other area. e Th rea - sons given were of ten not a lack of interest on the side of the inquirers, but a capacity problem. For the next issues, we aim to find ways to support actors with similar dif fi - culties with our capacities. Likewise, ecological questions and problems will be given more space in the coming issues. We would like to brief ly mention a few other questions that we took away from the process of creating the journal: How do we live up to the claim formulated in our title: to give space, especially to non-university actors? How do we reach the relevant groups of people and communicate our interest in their contributions? How do we succeed in appreciating the uniqueness of experiences without hastily categorizing them? Lastly, how can we help previously unheard voices to be heard without reproducing the com- mon polarization between normality and otherness? We are three people from dif ferent backgrounds and socialization who (partici- pate in the) experience of the university and its structures and who have just begun to work on the above-mentioned self-imposed tasks. More about our (respective) perso- nal (concerns) incentives to participate in this journal can be found in the form of short self-locating texts at the end of this issue. What unites us all is the distinct experience that in various parts of (the) university, as well as of society, an unnecessarily academi- cized discourse is conducted over the heads of those that are concerned and activists likewise: When non-university forms of critique unrelated to university are picked up at all in the sciences, they are usually not appreciated for their intrinsic value, but are used as examples for one’s own theory and t fi ted into existing forms of articulation; for their own sake, they are (only) rarely heard and just as rarely taken as an impulse to reshape one’s own practice. Because of our concerns and the critiques formulated in the printed articles, the design of the table of contents was anything but obvious. We were aiming towards both avoiding hierarchizing the contributions according to posited urgency and avoi- ding connecting them loosely or arbitrarily without classic fi ation. In the beginning of the issue, there is a text by Kristina Wolf f, which, in a way, claims a special position. We asked her to contribute to the articles because she per- fectly unites the conversation between university and society in her person. She has compiled the most comprehensive scientic fi collection of data on violence against wo - men and femicide, and as an activist, she has also repeatedly initiated protest actions, for example with Femen Germany. Her text presented here is not a ref lection on her academic critical engagement, but rather, and we are pleased about this, a report on the current situation of violence against women and the state of implementation of the Istanbul Convent ion in Germany. e Th title of this report is Ger many. Deadly Consequen- ces Based on Ignorance of Rule of Law. This is followed by a section entitled Die Heimt ücken des Alltagsrassismus. In her contribution, Ich, Dilek Divan, the author, Dilek Divan, makes a striking case that ra- living cr itic all y ? 17 cist and anti-feminist behaviors are so internalized in our society that they can appear even in those lef tist circles where explicitly anti-racist and feminist positions are held. Racism can take more subtle forms than an overt insult – it can, Divan describes, sneak in bet ween the lines of language and act ion . In her contribution, she intertwines her own experiences of disrespect and degradation because of her name and its origin with a systemic perspective on racist structures. In the next contributions, the journal devotes itself to dif ferent Perspekt iven auf die Inklusion von und die Arbeit mit Menschen mit Behinder ung : B. is 63 years old and has been working as a curative education nurse for people with disabilities for 43 years. He gives an insight into his everyday professional life, describes his experience of the develop- ments in disability care over the last decades, and evaluates their progress and regress. He appeals to trainees in special education nursing not to be consumed by the aggra- vations of the care system and instead to hold on to their ideals and ideas of humanity. Huschke Kleinteich reports on his work over several years as a school support tea- cher for two students with mental developmental delays. In his contribution Inklusi- onsanspr uch und Schulwirklichkeit – Versuch einer kr it ischen Deut ung meiner Arbeitser fah - r ungen als Schulassistent, he points out on the one hand that school inclusion with a simultaneous continuance of the established regular pedagogy almost leads to the ag - gravation of exclusion experiences for those concerned; on the other hand, he outlines problems the double structure of an independent sponsorship can bring with it con- cerning the working conditions of employees. Kleinteichs work experiences led to the founding of the init iat ive kr it ische schulassistenz. Johanna, a school support worker, describes in her experience report Die Schulbe- gleit ung muss kein bürokrat isches Monster bleiben. Alter nat ive Möglichkeiten aus der Pers - pekt ive einer Schulbegleiter in some dif c fi ulties, with which she is confronted in her ever - yday work, as well as obstacles and contradictions, which can arise in the course of the application for school support. In addition, she criticizes that in the absence of a gene- rally binding concept of school support, each person must actually design it according to individual ideas and therefore of ten takes on many more tasks for the class commu- nity than intended. Finally, she opens up a perspective on how, in her opinion, success- ful school support could look. Under the heading, Perspekt ive einer t ransidenten Person: Gesamtgesellschaf tliche Ent wicklungen und persönliche Wege der Selbst ver wirklichung, Dana Diezemann – Ger- man radio presenter, journalist, speaker on trans identity and expert on image sen- sors and cameras – reports in her contribution Kr it ik heißt nicht Nörgeln, sonder n Ma- chen that she was born as a woman into a male body and only recognized and corrected this af ter half a lifetime. She describes where and by whom she is met with rejection on a daily basis, and emphasizes that the ability to criticize includes openness and a wil- lingness to change, as well as self-criticism. e Th following text in the section Feminist ische Organisat ion im Kampf gegen Staat, Pat r iarchat und Kapitalismus is a contribution of the Frauen*St reikbündnis Jena with the title Frauen*St reikbündnis Jena – Auf zum feminist ischen St reik, for which the aut- hors held interviews with their alliance partners Decolonize Jena, the Bürger init iat ive f ür Soziales Wohnen in Jena and the FAU Jena to talk about critique and the academiza - tion of the political lef t. In doing so, they also introduce performative forms of criti- que of society and raise critical questions about the process of writing for our journal. 18 Helen Akin, Cind y S alz wedel & Paul *A Hel fr it z s ch For all of them, the importance and necessity of feminist argument and strike is a uni- fying element. To this article, the Frauen*St reikbündnis also added a supplementary letter addres- sing the issue of everyday racism due to recent incidents within the alliance. During the editing of the article, the Frauen*St reikbündnis became aware that one of the edi- tors of the FLUT Magazins f ür gegenwär t ige Erot ik – one of their alliance partners – had been racist with an applicant who is a woman of color and had submitted a photo. As a result, there were several meetings and mutual e-mail exchanges between the editors of AuA, representatives of the Frauen*St reikbündnis, and that same editor. e Th Frau- en*St reikbündnis reports on this editing process and the consequences it has drawn from it. This is followed by two contributions on the role of care and reproductive work, which we have linked under the heading Pf legenotstand und die Probleme medizinischer Versorgung am Maßstab der Menschenrechte: In the first of the contributions, Helma and Jacob from MediNetz Jena answered our questions that aimed at their personal expe- riences in supporting people without a health insurance certic fi ate and their unders - tanding of criticism, as well as what they envision for the future of this civil society aid organization. e Th second article is a summary of a video interview with Stef fi Fitzner from Klinik stat t Fabr ik, which we conducted with her in July 2021 in Jena. She talks about the cri- ticisms she has of clinic operations as a nurse and trade unionist, as well as the impact the coronavirus pandemic has had on her everyday life and work. She also talks about strikes, the hurdles of a labor dispute in a clinic, and her demands for relief. Under the title Über Arbeitsrechte, staatliche Aktivierungsmaßnahmen und Klas- senkampf, there follows the e fi ld report Ungenügend, schikanös und kont raprodukt iv – die Har tz-IV-Gesetzgebung aus der Perspekt ive einer Sozialarbeiter in and a conversation bet- ween the university union unter_bau and striking Romanian workers. First, Verena Cömert shows us what the reality of Hartz IV means, what rights and obligations are associated with it, and why this (supposed) support system must be criticized from the perspective of social work. For this purpose, she takes a look at the topic from a perso- nal and professional perspective and considers both the legislation and the side of the benet fi recipients. This experience report seems to us (because it represents among ot - her things an inside view from the of c fi e), to be an important support for the criticism of Hartz IV self-organization groups. Klassenkampf erler nen – gewerkschaf tliche Basisarbeit an der Universität. Von Frank - f ur t nach Bor nheim und zur ück is the title of an article first published in diskus. It was written following the strike of Romanian workers at the company Spargel Rit ter in May 2020. e Th grassroots democratic trade union of the University of Frankfurt – the un- ter_bau – reports on its insights gained from the conversations with the strikers about trade union organization, its dif c fi ulties as well as possible obstacles and contradicti - ons in the formation of class consciousness. Up to this point, our journal has been concerned with presenting and giving voice to non-academic contributions. In accordance with the subtitle of the journal – Wis- senschaf t und Gesellschaf t im Gespräch – academic understandings of critique now fol- low. Peggy H.  Breitenstein begins with a description of the notion of critique, which travels from the everyday concept via its Greek origins to Kant, Marx, Horkheimer and Adorno, and ends with a description of ideology critique as emancipatory social and living cr itic all y ? 1 9 self-criticism. This is followed by a contribution by Alice Lagaay and Anna Suchard (vm. Seitz): they enter into a conversation about the search for new formats for the communication of philosophical content through various modes of performance, the- reby developing a critical view of habituated forms and hierarchies of science. Know- ledge – as the authors make clear – does not need a lonely desk far away from the world, but dialogues, events, processes in which it can be generated together as practice. As noted at the beginning, at the end we as editors attempt to give a description of what has led us personally to work on the journal itself. e Th re you will also find a con - tribution by Joule Weisz on the design of the cover of this first issue of Außer universi- täre Akt ion. Finally, it remains to us to wish all readers that they find a stimulating reading and im - pulses for critical living in this first issue. With this issue, we hope to contribute to the awareness of movements and perspectives that have received little attention so far, so that in the future they will be more appreciated and their critiques will be taken seri- ously. In addition to all the contributing authors, initiatives, and alliances, as well as artists, we would like to take this opportunity to express our special thanks to Sonja Deppe, whose help, especially during the initial phase of this project, contributed much to its success. Jena/Wien, den 31.10.2021 Helen Akin, Cindy Salz wedel & Paul*A Helf r itzsch http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Außeruniversitäre Aktion. Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft im Gespräch de Gruyter

living critically?

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Publisher
de Gruyter
Copyright
© 2022 by transcript Verlag
eISSN
2750-1949
DOI
10.14361/aua-2022-010102
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Abstract

i Th s text contains the introduction and the summer y of the contributions of this first issue. As editors, we have focused on the commonalit y of people forced into critical engagement by authoritarian, discrimi- nator y and capitalist structures in order to highlight their dif ferent practices. We attempt to make these forms of critique f rom outside the universit y more audible. By tr ying to do so, we have had to question our approach repeatedly, as it has (been and continues to be shown) became apparent that the process of listening is challenging and requires an openness that can by no means be taken for granted. Title Key words social critique, self-critique, knowledge transfer, discriminator y experience … that hurts! Living critically and not criticizing as a purpose in itself means to face up to concrete circumstances and, with this, also to face the way these circumstances are given for oneself within the society. Further, the circumstances themselves can cause trouble and pain, which set of f critical thinking. Without it always being an act of free choice, people af fected by discrimination, for instance, are forced to live critically and confront the present situation. o Th se who live critically question the given and thus ge - nerate an irritation, a rejection, sometimes a disruption of the prevailing circumstan- ces and of the actors who maintain it. As editors, we have focused on the commonalities between people forced into criti- cal engagement by authoritarian, discriminatory and capitalist structures in order to highlight their dif ferent practices. We attempt to make these forms of critique from outside the university more audible. By trying to do so, we have had to question our approach repeatedly, as it has (been and continues to be shown) became apparent that Corresponding author: Helen Akin, Cindy Salzwedel & Paul*A Helfritzsch; aua-redaktion@riseup.net http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-8212 (Helen Akin); http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-4731 (Cindy Salzwedel); http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9229-5007 (Paul*A Helfritzsch) Open Access. © Helen Akin, Cindy Salzwedel & Paul*A Helfritzsch 2022, published by transcript Verlag This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (BY ) license 2022 16 Helen Akin, Cind y S alz wedel & Paul *A Hel fr it z s ch the process of listening is challenging and requires an openness that can by no means be taken for granted. We as an editorial collective have an emancipatory intersectional attunement to our work. e Th refore we would like to point out that one of the biggest gaps in this first issue and also in our work so far concerns the topic of anti-racism: there was no other area for which we sent out as many requests as for this one, all together to five initia - tives from Vienna, Frankfurt a.M., and Hanau as well as to three private individuals. However, at the same time, we received more refusals than in any other area. e Th rea - sons given were of ten not a lack of interest on the side of the inquirers, but a capacity problem. For the next issues, we aim to find ways to support actors with similar dif fi - culties with our capacities. Likewise, ecological questions and problems will be given more space in the coming issues. We would like to brief ly mention a few other questions that we took away from the process of creating the journal: How do we live up to the claim formulated in our title: to give space, especially to non-university actors? How do we reach the relevant groups of people and communicate our interest in their contributions? How do we succeed in appreciating the uniqueness of experiences without hastily categorizing them? Lastly, how can we help previously unheard voices to be heard without reproducing the com- mon polarization between normality and otherness? We are three people from dif ferent backgrounds and socialization who (partici- pate in the) experience of the university and its structures and who have just begun to work on the above-mentioned self-imposed tasks. More about our (respective) perso- nal (concerns) incentives to participate in this journal can be found in the form of short self-locating texts at the end of this issue. What unites us all is the distinct experience that in various parts of (the) university, as well as of society, an unnecessarily academi- cized discourse is conducted over the heads of those that are concerned and activists likewise: When non-university forms of critique unrelated to university are picked up at all in the sciences, they are usually not appreciated for their intrinsic value, but are used as examples for one’s own theory and t fi ted into existing forms of articulation; for their own sake, they are (only) rarely heard and just as rarely taken as an impulse to reshape one’s own practice. Because of our concerns and the critiques formulated in the printed articles, the design of the table of contents was anything but obvious. We were aiming towards both avoiding hierarchizing the contributions according to posited urgency and avoi- ding connecting them loosely or arbitrarily without classic fi ation. In the beginning of the issue, there is a text by Kristina Wolf f, which, in a way, claims a special position. We asked her to contribute to the articles because she per- fectly unites the conversation between university and society in her person. She has compiled the most comprehensive scientic fi collection of data on violence against wo - men and femicide, and as an activist, she has also repeatedly initiated protest actions, for example with Femen Germany. Her text presented here is not a ref lection on her academic critical engagement, but rather, and we are pleased about this, a report on the current situation of violence against women and the state of implementation of the Istanbul Convent ion in Germany. e Th title of this report is Ger many. Deadly Consequen- ces Based on Ignorance of Rule of Law. This is followed by a section entitled Die Heimt ücken des Alltagsrassismus. In her contribution, Ich, Dilek Divan, the author, Dilek Divan, makes a striking case that ra- living cr itic all y ? 17 cist and anti-feminist behaviors are so internalized in our society that they can appear even in those lef tist circles where explicitly anti-racist and feminist positions are held. Racism can take more subtle forms than an overt insult – it can, Divan describes, sneak in bet ween the lines of language and act ion . In her contribution, she intertwines her own experiences of disrespect and degradation because of her name and its origin with a systemic perspective on racist structures. In the next contributions, the journal devotes itself to dif ferent Perspekt iven auf die Inklusion von und die Arbeit mit Menschen mit Behinder ung : B. is 63 years old and has been working as a curative education nurse for people with disabilities for 43 years. He gives an insight into his everyday professional life, describes his experience of the develop- ments in disability care over the last decades, and evaluates their progress and regress. He appeals to trainees in special education nursing not to be consumed by the aggra- vations of the care system and instead to hold on to their ideals and ideas of humanity. Huschke Kleinteich reports on his work over several years as a school support tea- cher for two students with mental developmental delays. In his contribution Inklusi- onsanspr uch und Schulwirklichkeit – Versuch einer kr it ischen Deut ung meiner Arbeitser fah - r ungen als Schulassistent, he points out on the one hand that school inclusion with a simultaneous continuance of the established regular pedagogy almost leads to the ag - gravation of exclusion experiences for those concerned; on the other hand, he outlines problems the double structure of an independent sponsorship can bring with it con- cerning the working conditions of employees. Kleinteichs work experiences led to the founding of the init iat ive kr it ische schulassistenz. Johanna, a school support worker, describes in her experience report Die Schulbe- gleit ung muss kein bürokrat isches Monster bleiben. Alter nat ive Möglichkeiten aus der Pers - pekt ive einer Schulbegleiter in some dif c fi ulties, with which she is confronted in her ever - yday work, as well as obstacles and contradictions, which can arise in the course of the application for school support. In addition, she criticizes that in the absence of a gene- rally binding concept of school support, each person must actually design it according to individual ideas and therefore of ten takes on many more tasks for the class commu- nity than intended. Finally, she opens up a perspective on how, in her opinion, success- ful school support could look. Under the heading, Perspekt ive einer t ransidenten Person: Gesamtgesellschaf tliche Ent wicklungen und persönliche Wege der Selbst ver wirklichung, Dana Diezemann – Ger- man radio presenter, journalist, speaker on trans identity and expert on image sen- sors and cameras – reports in her contribution Kr it ik heißt nicht Nörgeln, sonder n Ma- chen that she was born as a woman into a male body and only recognized and corrected this af ter half a lifetime. She describes where and by whom she is met with rejection on a daily basis, and emphasizes that the ability to criticize includes openness and a wil- lingness to change, as well as self-criticism. e Th following text in the section Feminist ische Organisat ion im Kampf gegen Staat, Pat r iarchat und Kapitalismus is a contribution of the Frauen*St reikbündnis Jena with the title Frauen*St reikbündnis Jena – Auf zum feminist ischen St reik, for which the aut- hors held interviews with their alliance partners Decolonize Jena, the Bürger init iat ive f ür Soziales Wohnen in Jena and the FAU Jena to talk about critique and the academiza - tion of the political lef t. In doing so, they also introduce performative forms of criti- que of society and raise critical questions about the process of writing for our journal. 18 Helen Akin, Cind y S alz wedel & Paul *A Hel fr it z s ch For all of them, the importance and necessity of feminist argument and strike is a uni- fying element. To this article, the Frauen*St reikbündnis also added a supplementary letter addres- sing the issue of everyday racism due to recent incidents within the alliance. During the editing of the article, the Frauen*St reikbündnis became aware that one of the edi- tors of the FLUT Magazins f ür gegenwär t ige Erot ik – one of their alliance partners – had been racist with an applicant who is a woman of color and had submitted a photo. As a result, there were several meetings and mutual e-mail exchanges between the editors of AuA, representatives of the Frauen*St reikbündnis, and that same editor. e Th Frau- en*St reikbündnis reports on this editing process and the consequences it has drawn from it. This is followed by two contributions on the role of care and reproductive work, which we have linked under the heading Pf legenotstand und die Probleme medizinischer Versorgung am Maßstab der Menschenrechte: In the first of the contributions, Helma and Jacob from MediNetz Jena answered our questions that aimed at their personal expe- riences in supporting people without a health insurance certic fi ate and their unders - tanding of criticism, as well as what they envision for the future of this civil society aid organization. e Th second article is a summary of a video interview with Stef fi Fitzner from Klinik stat t Fabr ik, which we conducted with her in July 2021 in Jena. She talks about the cri- ticisms she has of clinic operations as a nurse and trade unionist, as well as the impact the coronavirus pandemic has had on her everyday life and work. She also talks about strikes, the hurdles of a labor dispute in a clinic, and her demands for relief. Under the title Über Arbeitsrechte, staatliche Aktivierungsmaßnahmen und Klas- senkampf, there follows the e fi ld report Ungenügend, schikanös und kont raprodukt iv – die Har tz-IV-Gesetzgebung aus der Perspekt ive einer Sozialarbeiter in and a conversation bet- ween the university union unter_bau and striking Romanian workers. First, Verena Cömert shows us what the reality of Hartz IV means, what rights and obligations are associated with it, and why this (supposed) support system must be criticized from the perspective of social work. For this purpose, she takes a look at the topic from a perso- nal and professional perspective and considers both the legislation and the side of the benet fi recipients. This experience report seems to us (because it represents among ot - her things an inside view from the of c fi e), to be an important support for the criticism of Hartz IV self-organization groups. Klassenkampf erler nen – gewerkschaf tliche Basisarbeit an der Universität. Von Frank - f ur t nach Bor nheim und zur ück is the title of an article first published in diskus. It was written following the strike of Romanian workers at the company Spargel Rit ter in May 2020. e Th grassroots democratic trade union of the University of Frankfurt – the un- ter_bau – reports on its insights gained from the conversations with the strikers about trade union organization, its dif c fi ulties as well as possible obstacles and contradicti - ons in the formation of class consciousness. Up to this point, our journal has been concerned with presenting and giving voice to non-academic contributions. In accordance with the subtitle of the journal – Wis- senschaf t und Gesellschaf t im Gespräch – academic understandings of critique now fol- low. Peggy H.  Breitenstein begins with a description of the notion of critique, which travels from the everyday concept via its Greek origins to Kant, Marx, Horkheimer and Adorno, and ends with a description of ideology critique as emancipatory social and living cr itic all y ? 1 9 self-criticism. This is followed by a contribution by Alice Lagaay and Anna Suchard (vm. Seitz): they enter into a conversation about the search for new formats for the communication of philosophical content through various modes of performance, the- reby developing a critical view of habituated forms and hierarchies of science. Know- ledge – as the authors make clear – does not need a lonely desk far away from the world, but dialogues, events, processes in which it can be generated together as practice. As noted at the beginning, at the end we as editors attempt to give a description of what has led us personally to work on the journal itself. e Th re you will also find a con - tribution by Joule Weisz on the design of the cover of this first issue of Außer universi- täre Akt ion. Finally, it remains to us to wish all readers that they find a stimulating reading and im - pulses for critical living in this first issue. With this issue, we hope to contribute to the awareness of movements and perspectives that have received little attention so far, so that in the future they will be more appreciated and their critiques will be taken seri- ously. In addition to all the contributing authors, initiatives, and alliances, as well as artists, we would like to take this opportunity to express our special thanks to Sonja Deppe, whose help, especially during the initial phase of this project, contributed much to its success. Jena/Wien, den 31.10.2021 Helen Akin, Cindy Salz wedel & Paul*A Helf r itzsch

Journal

Außeruniversitäre Aktion. Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft im Gespräch – de Gruyter

Published: Apr 1, 2022

There are no references for this article.