Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Paris panxiensis, a new combination of Trilliaceae from Sichuan, China

Paris panxiensis, a new combination of Trilliaceae from Sichuan, China 1IntroductionIn 2005, Liu Jianlin, together with others forming part of their expedition, gathered a Paris Linn. plant in a shrub on the mountain slope of Luoji Mountain, Liangshanzhou, Sichuan Province. We denominated it as P. polyphylla Smith var. panxiensis J. L. Liu, a new variety of P. polyphylla Smith, and published it in the 8th issue, Vol. 29 of Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica 2009. Due to the special morphological characteristics of P. polyphylla Smith var. panxiensis J. L. Liu, we used field survey, indoor potting and garden planting to observe and compare the wild and cultivated plants of P. polyphylla Smith var. panxiensis J. L. Liu for years. Our discovery is that though this plant is affected by different ecological environment factors of three habitats, leading to different forms and numbers of plant figure, leaf, sepal, petal, stamen and pistil, the main recognition characters of wild and cultivated plants do not change in a perceptible manner (Table 1), demonstrating its stable morphological characteristics. In view of the fact that Paris panxiensis (J. L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu is significantly distinctive from the related species with regard to morphological characteristics (Table 2), it is raised from a variety to a species.Table 1.Comparison of main morphological characteristics of Paris panxiensis (J. L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu in three habitats.HabitatIndoor pottedGarden plantingWild growthPlantPlants 15–36 cm tall.Plants 20–78 cm tall.Plants 24–83 cm tall.RootRoots terete, stout, transverse growth.Roots terete, stout, transverse growth, rarely erect.Roots terete, stout, transverse growth, rarely oblique or erect.StemStems terete, usually erect.Stems terete, erect or curved.Stems terete, erect or curved.LeafLeaf blade 9–14, horizontal extension or slightly curved upward, striate or striate lanceolate, margin sinuous, petiolate.Leaf blade 6–16, horizontal extension or curved down, striate or striate lanceolate, margin sinuous, petiolate.Leaf blade 6–16, horizontal extension or curved down, striate or striate lanceolate, margin sinuous, petiolate.PedicelPedicels terete, 5–8 cm long, erect.Pedicels terete, 5.5–10.0 cm long, oblique or erect.Pedicels terete, 5.5–11.0 cm long, oblique or erect.SepalSepals 5–7, lanceolate, longer than petals.Sepals 5–8, lanceolate, longer than petals.Sepals 4–8(–9), lanceolate, longer than petals.PetalPetals 5–7, shorter than sepals, erect, linear-virgate, gradually thickening upward, apex rounded or obtuse.Petals 5–8, shorter than sepals, erect, linear-virgate, gradually thickening upward, apex rounded or obtuse.Petals 4–8(–9), shorter than sepals, erect, linear-virgate, gradually thickening upward, apex rounded or obtuse.StamenStamens 10–14(–20), arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, 0.5–1.5 mm long.Stamens 8–16, arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm long.Stamens 8–16, arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm long.PistilOvary green, 5–7 angular, subglobose, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta, stigma base projecting, thickened, stigma 5–7, curved.Ovary green, 5–8 angular, subglobose, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta, stigma base projecting, thickened, stigma 5–8, curved.Ovary green, 4–8 angular, subglobose, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta, stigma base projecting, thickened, stigma 4–8, curved.FruitFruits green or dark green, 5–7 angulate, globose, angular wing projecting, (0.5–)1.0–1.5 mm wide.Fruits green or dark green, 5–8 angulate, globose, angular wing projecting, 1–2 mm wide.Fruits green or dark green, 4–8 angulate, globose, angular wing projecting, 1–2 mm wide.Table 2.The main differences in the morphological characteristics between Paris Panxiensis (J. L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu and its related species.SpeciesP. panxiensis (J. L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. LiuP. delavayi Franch.P. daliensis H. Li et V. G. SoukupP. lihengiana G. W. Hu & Q. F. WangP. polyphylla Smith var. stenophylla Franch.Base numberBase number 4-8.Base number 3-6.Base number 3-5.Base number 4-5.Base number (3-)4-7(-8).SepalSepals 4–8(–9), longer than petals, extension or slightly curved down.Sepals 3–6, longer than petals, reflexed or stretched obliquely.Sepals (3–)5, shorter than petals, extension or curved down.Sepals 4–5, shorter than petals, extension or curved down, margin with echinid.Sepals 4–7, shorter than petals, extension or curved down.PetalsPetals 4–8, far shorter than sepals, linear-virgate, erect, never curved, thin lower part, gradually thickening upward to about 0.5 mm in middle part.Petals 3–6, far shorter than sepals, linear, reflexed or curved down, never erect.Petals (3–)5, longer than sepals, linear-virgate, erect, never curved, thin lower part, gradually thickening upward to about 1 mm in middle part.Petals 4–5, about two times longer than sepals, linear, extension or stretched obliquely, never erect.Petals 4–7, far longer than sepals, linear, curved, never erect.StamenStamens 8–16(–20), arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, linear-cylindrical, (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm long.Stamens 8–10 usually, arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, linear, 1.5–4.0 mm long.Stamens 6–10, arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, ovate, 2–3 mm long.Stamens 12–16(–20), arranged in 3–4 whorls, earth yellow connective tissue at apex, free connective tissue of 0.8 mm long.Stamens arranged in two whorls, connectivum not obvious or less than 0.5 mm.PistilOvary globose, green, 4–8 angular, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta 4–8, projecting into locule; stigma 4–8, curved.Ovary conical, green or upper purple, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta 3–6, style purple; stigma 3–6.Ovary ovate, dark purple, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta (3–)5, projecting into locular; stigma (3–)5, curved.Ovary with 3–5 locular at upper part, base monolete, angular, bluish violet, partial axille placente 3–5; stigma 4–5, curved.Ovary dark purple, globose, five angular, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta (3–)4–7(–8), stigma 4–7, curved.2DescriptionA perennial herbal, erect or curved, the plant is 20–83 cm high. The following are the characteristics of the various parts of the plant—Root stock: It presents as fleshy, stout, amphitropous or sometimes erect, terete and is 3.5–11.0 cm long, with diameter 1.5–3.0 cm, yellowish-brown exterior, white interior and multiple nodes.Stem: It is terete, erect or curved, is 19.5–66.5 cm long, with diameter 0.5–0.9 cm in the middle part, light puce, puce or black brown, and glabrous.Leaf blades: They measure 6–16 cm, verticillate at stem tip, chartaceous or thick paper textured, extension, stretched obliquely or curved down, striate or striate lanceolate, (5.1–)5.7–6.0–14.5 cm long, (0.7–)1.0– 1.5(–1.8) cm wide, tip gradually narrowing to acuminate and caudate, base part usually wide cuneate or obtuse, sometimes decurrent becoming cuneate or sharp cuneate, both margins asymmetric, approximately symmetric or perfectly symmetric, upper dark green, bottom green or greyish-green, both sides glabrous, margin entire, repand or sinuous, middle and lateral veins sinking perceptibly on top surface, while slightly projecting at under surface.Petiole puce: It measures (0.2–)0.4–0.7(–1.1) cm long, and is glabrous.Flower: It is solitary; with pedicel terete, erect, stretched obliquely or approximately extended, (4.2–)7.5–15 cm long, diameter 2–3 mm in middle part, greenish brown, light puce or puce, glabrous. Flower base number 4–8.Sepals: They measure 4–8(–9) in number, whorled, extension or curved down, leaf blade lanceolate or striate lanceolate, (2.2–)4.2–7.2 cm, 0.7–1.2 cm, tip acuminate, long acuminate to caudate, leaf base wide cuneate, obtuse to rounded, upper dark green, lower green, both surfaces glabrous, triplinerved, sinking at top side and projecting at bottom side, petiole free.Petals: They measure 4–8 in number, alternate with sepals, far shorter than calyx, firm and usually erect, sometimes slightly stretching obliquely, linear-virgate, (1.75–)2.0–4.1 cm long, slim in lower part, diameter about 0.3 mm, light green or green, middle part gradually thickening upward to diameter about 0.5 mm, greenish yellow or light yellow, tip obtuse or rounded.Stamens: They measure 8–16(–20) in number, are arranged in two whorls, 0.4–1.0 cm long, filament green, 2–5 mm long, anther 2.0–6.5 mm long, connectivum projecting, linear terete, (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm long, top terminal obtuse or rounded; ovary green or dark green, angular 4–8, subglobose, globose, 1.5–4.0 mm high, diameter about (1.1–)1.5–3.0 mm, angular wing projecting or intensively projecting, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta, projecting into locular.Ovule: It is white, wide ovoid, subglobose and elliptical; style base projecting perceptibly, thickened, light yellow or carneous; style yellow, 1–4 mm long, sometimes nearly without.Stigma: They are 4–8 in number, 2.5–3.5 mm long, sometimes very short, yellow or yellowish-brown, curved.Fruits: They are green or dark green, 4–8 angular, globose, slightly flat, 6–9 mm long, diameter 0.9–1.1 cm, wing diameter 1.5 cm, angular projecting, (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm wide.Fig. 1Paris panxiensis; wild plants and habitat.Fig. 2Paris panxiensis; garden planting and indoor potting.3TypeChina.Sichuan, Liangshanzhou, Xichangshi, Luojishan, Daqingliangzi, alt. 2600-2700m, in shrubs on mountain slope, 2005-06-17, J. L. Liu, Q. Luo, X. J. Li & Y. Yuan 4920; in same locale, 2005-07-01, J. L. Liu & Y. Yuan 4927, 4928; Liangshanzhou, Xichangshi, Luojishan, Anhazhen, Baibaidingcun, alt. 2620-2625m, in shrubs on mountain slope, 2005-06-17, J. L. Liu & Y. Yuan 2021-14; (holotype, XIAS).Fig. 3Paris panxiensis flower: (A) flower, (B) sepal, (C) stamen and pistil and (D) petal.Fig. 4Paris panxiensis fruit. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences de Gruyter

Paris panxiensis, a new combination of Trilliaceae from Sichuan, China

Download PDF
8 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/de-gruyter/paris-panxiensis-a-new-combination-of-trilliaceae-from-sichuan-china-GlXMNIvbDJ

References

References for this paper are not available at this time. We will be adding them shortly, thank you for your patience.

Publisher
de Gruyter
Copyright
© 2022 Yuan Ying et al., published by Sciendo
eISSN
2444-8656
DOI
10.2478/amns.2022.1.00007
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

1IntroductionIn 2005, Liu Jianlin, together with others forming part of their expedition, gathered a Paris Linn. plant in a shrub on the mountain slope of Luoji Mountain, Liangshanzhou, Sichuan Province. We denominated it as P. polyphylla Smith var. panxiensis J. L. Liu, a new variety of P. polyphylla Smith, and published it in the 8th issue, Vol. 29 of Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica 2009. Due to the special morphological characteristics of P. polyphylla Smith var. panxiensis J. L. Liu, we used field survey, indoor potting and garden planting to observe and compare the wild and cultivated plants of P. polyphylla Smith var. panxiensis J. L. Liu for years. Our discovery is that though this plant is affected by different ecological environment factors of three habitats, leading to different forms and numbers of plant figure, leaf, sepal, petal, stamen and pistil, the main recognition characters of wild and cultivated plants do not change in a perceptible manner (Table 1), demonstrating its stable morphological characteristics. In view of the fact that Paris panxiensis (J. L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu is significantly distinctive from the related species with regard to morphological characteristics (Table 2), it is raised from a variety to a species.Table 1.Comparison of main morphological characteristics of Paris panxiensis (J. L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu in three habitats.HabitatIndoor pottedGarden plantingWild growthPlantPlants 15–36 cm tall.Plants 20–78 cm tall.Plants 24–83 cm tall.RootRoots terete, stout, transverse growth.Roots terete, stout, transverse growth, rarely erect.Roots terete, stout, transverse growth, rarely oblique or erect.StemStems terete, usually erect.Stems terete, erect or curved.Stems terete, erect or curved.LeafLeaf blade 9–14, horizontal extension or slightly curved upward, striate or striate lanceolate, margin sinuous, petiolate.Leaf blade 6–16, horizontal extension or curved down, striate or striate lanceolate, margin sinuous, petiolate.Leaf blade 6–16, horizontal extension or curved down, striate or striate lanceolate, margin sinuous, petiolate.PedicelPedicels terete, 5–8 cm long, erect.Pedicels terete, 5.5–10.0 cm long, oblique or erect.Pedicels terete, 5.5–11.0 cm long, oblique or erect.SepalSepals 5–7, lanceolate, longer than petals.Sepals 5–8, lanceolate, longer than petals.Sepals 4–8(–9), lanceolate, longer than petals.PetalPetals 5–7, shorter than sepals, erect, linear-virgate, gradually thickening upward, apex rounded or obtuse.Petals 5–8, shorter than sepals, erect, linear-virgate, gradually thickening upward, apex rounded or obtuse.Petals 4–8(–9), shorter than sepals, erect, linear-virgate, gradually thickening upward, apex rounded or obtuse.StamenStamens 10–14(–20), arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, 0.5–1.5 mm long.Stamens 8–16, arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm long.Stamens 8–16, arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm long.PistilOvary green, 5–7 angular, subglobose, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta, stigma base projecting, thickened, stigma 5–7, curved.Ovary green, 5–8 angular, subglobose, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta, stigma base projecting, thickened, stigma 5–8, curved.Ovary green, 4–8 angular, subglobose, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta, stigma base projecting, thickened, stigma 4–8, curved.FruitFruits green or dark green, 5–7 angulate, globose, angular wing projecting, (0.5–)1.0–1.5 mm wide.Fruits green or dark green, 5–8 angulate, globose, angular wing projecting, 1–2 mm wide.Fruits green or dark green, 4–8 angulate, globose, angular wing projecting, 1–2 mm wide.Table 2.The main differences in the morphological characteristics between Paris Panxiensis (J. L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. Liu and its related species.SpeciesP. panxiensis (J. L. Liu) Y. Yuan & J. L. LiuP. delavayi Franch.P. daliensis H. Li et V. G. SoukupP. lihengiana G. W. Hu & Q. F. WangP. polyphylla Smith var. stenophylla Franch.Base numberBase number 4-8.Base number 3-6.Base number 3-5.Base number 4-5.Base number (3-)4-7(-8).SepalSepals 4–8(–9), longer than petals, extension or slightly curved down.Sepals 3–6, longer than petals, reflexed or stretched obliquely.Sepals (3–)5, shorter than petals, extension or curved down.Sepals 4–5, shorter than petals, extension or curved down, margin with echinid.Sepals 4–7, shorter than petals, extension or curved down.PetalsPetals 4–8, far shorter than sepals, linear-virgate, erect, never curved, thin lower part, gradually thickening upward to about 0.5 mm in middle part.Petals 3–6, far shorter than sepals, linear, reflexed or curved down, never erect.Petals (3–)5, longer than sepals, linear-virgate, erect, never curved, thin lower part, gradually thickening upward to about 1 mm in middle part.Petals 4–5, about two times longer than sepals, linear, extension or stretched obliquely, never erect.Petals 4–7, far longer than sepals, linear, curved, never erect.StamenStamens 8–16(–20), arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, linear-cylindrical, (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm long.Stamens 8–10 usually, arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, linear, 1.5–4.0 mm long.Stamens 6–10, arranged in two whorls, connectivum projecting, ovate, 2–3 mm long.Stamens 12–16(–20), arranged in 3–4 whorls, earth yellow connective tissue at apex, free connective tissue of 0.8 mm long.Stamens arranged in two whorls, connectivum not obvious or less than 0.5 mm.PistilOvary globose, green, 4–8 angular, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta 4–8, projecting into locule; stigma 4–8, curved.Ovary conical, green or upper purple, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta 3–6, style purple; stigma 3–6.Ovary ovate, dark purple, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta (3–)5, projecting into locular; stigma (3–)5, curved.Ovary with 3–5 locular at upper part, base monolete, angular, bluish violet, partial axille placente 3–5; stigma 4–5, curved.Ovary dark purple, globose, five angular, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta (3–)4–7(–8), stigma 4–7, curved.2DescriptionA perennial herbal, erect or curved, the plant is 20–83 cm high. The following are the characteristics of the various parts of the plant—Root stock: It presents as fleshy, stout, amphitropous or sometimes erect, terete and is 3.5–11.0 cm long, with diameter 1.5–3.0 cm, yellowish-brown exterior, white interior and multiple nodes.Stem: It is terete, erect or curved, is 19.5–66.5 cm long, with diameter 0.5–0.9 cm in the middle part, light puce, puce or black brown, and glabrous.Leaf blades: They measure 6–16 cm, verticillate at stem tip, chartaceous or thick paper textured, extension, stretched obliquely or curved down, striate or striate lanceolate, (5.1–)5.7–6.0–14.5 cm long, (0.7–)1.0– 1.5(–1.8) cm wide, tip gradually narrowing to acuminate and caudate, base part usually wide cuneate or obtuse, sometimes decurrent becoming cuneate or sharp cuneate, both margins asymmetric, approximately symmetric or perfectly symmetric, upper dark green, bottom green or greyish-green, both sides glabrous, margin entire, repand or sinuous, middle and lateral veins sinking perceptibly on top surface, while slightly projecting at under surface.Petiole puce: It measures (0.2–)0.4–0.7(–1.1) cm long, and is glabrous.Flower: It is solitary; with pedicel terete, erect, stretched obliquely or approximately extended, (4.2–)7.5–15 cm long, diameter 2–3 mm in middle part, greenish brown, light puce or puce, glabrous. Flower base number 4–8.Sepals: They measure 4–8(–9) in number, whorled, extension or curved down, leaf blade lanceolate or striate lanceolate, (2.2–)4.2–7.2 cm, 0.7–1.2 cm, tip acuminate, long acuminate to caudate, leaf base wide cuneate, obtuse to rounded, upper dark green, lower green, both surfaces glabrous, triplinerved, sinking at top side and projecting at bottom side, petiole free.Petals: They measure 4–8 in number, alternate with sepals, far shorter than calyx, firm and usually erect, sometimes slightly stretching obliquely, linear-virgate, (1.75–)2.0–4.1 cm long, slim in lower part, diameter about 0.3 mm, light green or green, middle part gradually thickening upward to diameter about 0.5 mm, greenish yellow or light yellow, tip obtuse or rounded.Stamens: They measure 8–16(–20) in number, are arranged in two whorls, 0.4–1.0 cm long, filament green, 2–5 mm long, anther 2.0–6.5 mm long, connectivum projecting, linear terete, (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm long, top terminal obtuse or rounded; ovary green or dark green, angular 4–8, subglobose, globose, 1.5–4.0 mm high, diameter about (1.1–)1.5–3.0 mm, angular wing projecting or intensively projecting, 1-locular, lateral membrane placenta, projecting into locular.Ovule: It is white, wide ovoid, subglobose and elliptical; style base projecting perceptibly, thickened, light yellow or carneous; style yellow, 1–4 mm long, sometimes nearly without.Stigma: They are 4–8 in number, 2.5–3.5 mm long, sometimes very short, yellow or yellowish-brown, curved.Fruits: They are green or dark green, 4–8 angular, globose, slightly flat, 6–9 mm long, diameter 0.9–1.1 cm, wing diameter 1.5 cm, angular projecting, (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm wide.Fig. 1Paris panxiensis; wild plants and habitat.Fig. 2Paris panxiensis; garden planting and indoor potting.3TypeChina.Sichuan, Liangshanzhou, Xichangshi, Luojishan, Daqingliangzi, alt. 2600-2700m, in shrubs on mountain slope, 2005-06-17, J. L. Liu, Q. Luo, X. J. Li & Y. Yuan 4920; in same locale, 2005-07-01, J. L. Liu & Y. Yuan 4927, 4928; Liangshanzhou, Xichangshi, Luojishan, Anhazhen, Baibaidingcun, alt. 2620-2625m, in shrubs on mountain slope, 2005-06-17, J. L. Liu & Y. Yuan 2021-14; (holotype, XIAS).Fig. 3Paris panxiensis flower: (A) flower, (B) sepal, (C) stamen and pistil and (D) petal.Fig. 4Paris panxiensis fruit.

Journal

Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences – de Gruyter

Published: Jan 1, 2023

Keywords: Paris Linn.; Paris panxiensis; Trilliaceae; new combination; Sichuan; China

There are no references for this article.