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The Energy Management System According to the Norm ISO 50001

The Energy Management System According to the Norm ISO 50001 B&H Electrical E g n e i g, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023:8-16 n i e r n ISSN:2566-3143, eISSN:2566-3151, DOI: 10.2478/bhee-2023-0002 Submitted: December 23, 2022 Review scientific paper Accepted: February 20, 2023 THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE NORM ISO 50001 1,2 1 1 Drago Bago , Ena Bešo , Goran Kujundžić Abstract: The final paper presents an approach to solving the problem of optimal use of electrical energy in the production process. An analysis of all important parameters, limitations, and goals was performed, after which a mathematical model was created and used in writing Matlab code to solve the problems. It is the basis for further upgrading following the needs of each organization and because of that, it can be very significant. Keywords: Energy management, MATLAB, ISO 50001 INTRODUCTION in such facilities is moved to a period of lower demand for electrical energy in the power system and thus saves Today’s civilization is dependent on the quality of energy money. Unlike residential and catering facilities where supply, among which electrical energy stands out the energy management is relatively simple, achieving the most. It is a transitional form of energy between primary same savings in industrial plants is not an easy task given energy and useful forms of energy. Electrical energy is, that it is necessary to meet all requirements related to the with the help of electric machines, extremely easy to quantity and characteristics of products. The problem convert, into light, heat, chemicals, and many other of survival of companies is known, especially small and forms. The advantages of using electrical energy are medium enterprises, which in many cases go bankrupt in multiple - transport with minimal losses, high availability, the first few years of existence, due to profitability problems and the fact that the use of electrical energy promotes caused by failures in energy planning and management. sustainable development. Since the consumption of Achieving savings when it comes to the use of electrical electrical energy is very intense in all forms of human energy, while complying with all existing conditions, is a activity, it is concluded that it represents a high cost and major challenge that many organizations have not yet that there is a constant tendency to reduce it. The amount accepted. As a result of all these findings, the ISO 50001 of used electrical energy varies during the day. Given that standard was created, which deals with this issue. By there is a constant demand for a balance of consumed applying this standard, organizations achieve efficient use and produced electrical energy in the electrical energy of electrical energy and achieve great savings. system (EES), consumers seek to motivate themselves to reduce their consumption during peak load through price This work describes an approach to solving the problem of increases. This way, the power system is relieved during optimizing the use and management of electrical energy in peak demand, and the risk of failure is reduced as well as a factory using the Matlab program, which can serve as a the possible need to build additional power plants that will basis for many organizations in solving the same problem cover the “peaks” in the daily load diagram. In addition and planning to operate following ISO 50001. to the problem reflected in the increasing costs due to the use of electrical energy, the problem of environmental pollution due to the intensive use of non-renewable 1. ENERGY energy sources is becoming more and more pronounced. The current situation indicates that it will remain so in World energy consumption is constantly growing - it has the near future, i.e., until the area of renewable energy doubled in the last 40 years and is predicted to increase sources experiences more significant progress. Thus, in by about 1.3% per year by 2040, mainly due to increased addition to saving money, the planned and conscientious demand in developing countries [1]. These facts point to use of electrical energy reduces the negative impact on the great importance of energy for the human population. the environment. More research and scientific work are In today’s world, energy is one of the key factors for dealing with ways to save resources through “smart” the successful operation of all organizations and, often, disposal of electrical energy in residential and catering represents a very high cost regardless of activities. What facilities. The essence is reflected in the fact that the this is all about can be seen if one considers the energy use of appliances that represent the largest consumers use of an organization, from the raw material procurement Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Computing and Electrical Engineering, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Correspondence email: drago.bago@fsre.sum.ba © 2023 Author(s). This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 8 D. Bago, E. Bešo, G. Kujundžić: phase through the production process to the recycling phase. In addition to analysing energy consumption in detail, it is important to ensure that the whole process is environmentally and socially satisfactory due to the constant depletion of limited resources and new problems, most notably noticeable climate change. About 85% of total energy consumption comes from coal, oil, and natural gas, which raises concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption. Figure 1 shows the share of individual primary energy sources in the supply of energy to the human population [2]. Figure 2: Graphic representation of the share of energy sources in generating electrical energy Electrical energy is a transitional form of energy that is difficult to accumulate. As a result, many complex infrastructures have been installed to meet electrical energy needs and avoid the risk of power outages in the grid during peak demand. Investments in the grid will increase due to the inevitable need for power plants that will produce electrical energy in periods of greatest demand as well as all associated equipment. However, Figure 1: Graphic representation of the share of primary energy use 10% of energy supply capacity will be used for only a few hundred hours per year, which is from 1% to 2% Individual organizations cannot control the price of per year [5]. Thus, balancing demand and supply only energy, government policy, or the global economy, but on the supply side is not economically meaningful. they can improve the way they, here and now, manage Alternatively, demand-side management could improve energy. Improved energy performance can bring greater the energy efficiency of the system and reduce the benefits to organizations by maximizing the use of their overall cost of maintaining the balance of supply and energy sources and energy assets, thereby reducing both demand by encouraging consumers to modify the production costs and energy consumption. electrical energy consumption model. Consumer motivation is achieved by increasing the price of By acting to better manage energy consumption, a healthier electrical energy during the peak load of the power and more beautiful environment is achieved, saving system and reducing the price during low demand. money for organizations and society as a whole. A study Thus, consumers can “move” their use of electrical by the ClimateWorks Foundation, a non-governmental energy from a period of high prices to a period of low organization that uses the power of collective philanthropy prices to reduce electrical energy costs. As a result, to fight climate change, found that doing more to improve consumer costs and peak grid load can be reduced. energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions in the The residential, commercial, and industrial sectors industrial and construction sectors alone could save account for one-third of the market’s electrical energy annual money of about $ 3,2 billion [3]. consumption. However, most research on the interaction between consumer behaviour and the market price has 1.1. Electrical energy focused on reducing the cost of electrical energy in residential or commercial buildings by optimizing the Electrical energy is a form of energy without which it schedule of appliances where possible [6]. Significantly is impossible to imagine today’s life. Over time, it has less research work is based on production facilities become one of the crucial factors for a normal life, and its because the schedule of production and consumption importance for the further progress of human civilization of electrical energy in factories is much more complex is indisputable. This suggests that the efficient use of than in residential and commercial buildings. In electrical energy inevitably leads to large savings and that production facilities, the number of products must be developing a strategy in this field is extremely important. met, and tasks must not be interrupted at random, Figure 2 graphically shows the current share of individual which makes planning very challenging. Furthermore, energy sources in generating electrical energy as well the infrastructure of today’s electrical system is aging, as the projection based on the current situation [4]. A which makes it difficult to meet even greater demand significant amount of electrical energy is generated from for electrical energy. Environmental issues, such as coal, gas, and oil, which is not a positive indicator from the climate change, ozone depletion, the problem of point of view of sustainable development. 9 B&H Electrical E g n e i g, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023:8-16 n i e r n ISSN:2566-3143, eISSN:2566-3151, DOI: 10.2478/bhee-2023-0002 “acid rain” and the depletion of non-renewable energy - quality management standards for more efficient sources, should be considered when updating today’s operation and reduction of product failures. power system. As a result, a smart grid is emerging as - environmental management standards that help a more intelligent, reliable, stable, and secure power reduce environmental impact, reduce the amount system that will integrate electrical energy generated of waste generated and promote sustainable by renewable energy sources into the entire power development; system. This system will be able to meet environmental - health and safety standards that help reduce goals and respond quickly to growing demands for accidents at work; electrical energy generation and end-user electrical - energy management standards to reduce energy energy supply in a more efficient way. One of the key consumption; features of a smart grid is demand-side management. - food safety standards that help prevent food For example, smart meters have been installed to contamination and exchange data on electrical energy prices and electrical - IT security standards that help protect sensitive energy demand. As a result, consumers can be more information [7]. informed when deciding on the use of electrical energy and can reduce their consumption during peak hours 2.1. Energy management standard - ISO 50001 and redirect their demand to the rest of the day. As electrical distribution systems move towards a smart As a result of all the knowledge about the importance of grid structure, these dynamic interactions between the electrical energy and its “smart” management, the ISO behaviour of production plants and the price market led 50001 standard was created, which is based on the model to the obvious need for detailed and constant planning of management systems adopted and implemented by of production in plants in case of additional savings. organizations around the world. The standard can make Therefore, the problem of production planning in a a positive contribution to organizations of all kinds in the smart grid scenario consists of two aspects: near future while at the same time supporting long-term - optimizing production schedules based on time- efforts to improve energy technology. ISO 50001, Energy varying electrical energy prices and Management Systems - Requirements with guidance for - changes in energy consumption in factories without use (ISO 50001) is an international standard developed their mutual communication can significantly by the International Organization for Standardization change the market price of electrical energy (ISO) at the request of the United Nations Industrial compared to the assumed and create a counter- Development Organization (UNIDO). This standard effect. provides organizations with requirements for Energy Management Systems (EMS). This facilitates integrating The first aspect will be described in detail and discussed energy management into their overall efforts to improve in this undergraduate task. Getting involved in the whole quality and environmental management. This standard is optimization process brings additional challenges, but of particular importance to organizations around the world it also opens the opportunity for companies to achieve because it is based on good management practices in even greater savings on electrical energy costs. manufacturing, business, and service institutions to meet stakeholder requirements, prevent risks and achieve strategic approaches to value creation, energy efficiency, 2. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION ORGANIZATION and sustainable development. An energy management system helps organizations to better manage energy The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) consumption, which brings improved productivity as is an international standard-setting body composed a result. This includes developing and implementing of 165 representatives of national standardization energy policy, setting achievable energy use targets, bodies. It was founded because of the agreement of devising action plans to achieve them, and measuring 65 delegates from 25 countries. At the very beginning, progress. This may include the implementation of new it consisted of 67 committees representing groups energy-efficient technologies, reducing energy waste, or of experts in the same fields [7]. ISO standards are improving ongoing processes to reduce energy costs. the result of a consensus of experts in various fields ISO 50001 recognized organizations as a framework for who support innovation and offer solutions to global developing an efficient energy management system. Like challenges. They cover and regulate many activities - other ISO management system standards, it follows a product development, process management, service “Plan-Do-Check-Act” improvement process. The Plan- provision, and material delivery. Each of the standards Do-Check-Act (PDCA) is an iterative, four-step approach is the result of thorough research by scientists with to continuously improve processes, products, or extensive experience, set to optimally meet the services and solve problems [8]. This includes systematic needs of manufacturers, retailers, customers, trade testing of possible solutions, evaluation of results, and associations, users, or regulators. Several standards implementation of those that are shown to work. Figure can be classified into several groups: 3 illustrates the PDCA approach [9]. 10 D. Bago, E. Bešo, G. Kujundžić: Since the essence of the ISO 50001 standard is based on the PDCA approach, the following example shows how to achieve optimal plans that are the basis for all further actions that need to be taken for the purpose of accreditation and re-accreditation for the said ISO standard. 3.1. Problem description We consider a production process consisting of two phases, or two machines (S and S ) where each machine 1 2 can produce three different intermediates s , s i s or 11 12 13 that is s , s and s . One machine can produce only one 21 22 23 intermediate product at a time. Also, with each machine, the production speed of individual intermediate products Figure 3: Illustration of the PDCA approach can be regulated in a certain range, which directly affects the total energy consumed. The optimization period consists of N time steps. At the end of the k-th step, the ISO 50001 provides a set of requirements that enable number of intermediates must be at least s (k)≥s¯ (k), organizations to: i,j i,j i={1,2},j={1,2,3}, k={1,2,…,N}, where s¯ (k) represents - develop their policy for more efficient use of energy; i,j the required amount of intermediate j produced by the - set targets in line with that policy; machine i at the end of the k-th step of the optimization - collect data to better understand and make decisions process. about energy use; - measure and analyse the obtained results; 3.1.1. Dynamic model of the production process - determine the degree of policy effectiveness and - continuously improve energy management. The amount of product at the output of individual machines can be described by the following dynamic model: ISO 50001 is designed to help an organization improve its energy performance through better utilization of its energy resources. Improved energy performance can x (k+⋅ 1) x (k) v w (k)      11 11 11 11 quickly provide benefits to an organization by maximizing      energy use and related assets, reducing both costs and x (k+=1) x (k)+ v⋅ wk ( ) (1) 12 12 12 12      consumption. The advantage of this standard is that it      x (k+⋅ 1) x (k) v w (k)  13   13  13 13  brings many benefits to both small and large organizations, both from the public and private sectors involved in x (k+⋅ 1) x (k)v w (k) 21 21 11 11 the production and provision of services in all regions      (2) x (k+= 1) x (k)+ v⋅ wk ( ) of the world. It establishes a solid energy management 22 22 12 12      framework for industrial plants, commercial, institutional,      x (k+⋅ 1) x (k) v w (k)  23   23  13 13  and government facilities, and entire organizations. It is characterized by wide applicability in national economic where v and v are standardized speeds of individual sectors. There are many benefits of applying this standard 1,j 2,j machines, and w and w are logical variables (values 0 or - reducing environmental impact, improving concreteness 1,j 2,j 1) that determine which intermediate product is produced and reputation, reducing costs... It is estimated that this at some point. Relevant variables in the optimization standard can affect more than 60% of energy needs process are v and v and w and w . worldwide, given that this percentage is part of energy 1,j 2,j 1,j 2,j at the global level used in the commercial and industrial 3.1.2. Limitations of the production process sectors [10]. As the fact is that the machine can only produce one intermediate product at a time, the following limitation 3. PRODUCTION PROCESS OPTIMIZATION obviously applies: The following is a concrete example of optimizing the production process by modifying the production schedule (3) w () kw ++ () kw () k = 1 11 12 13 of individual intermediate products, respecting all the w () kw ++ () kw () k = 1 (4) 21 22 23 requirements. In this way, the company will significantly reduce the costs incurred due to the use of electrical Standardized production speeds of individual intermediate energy and contribute to the relief of the power system products may vary between the minimum and maximum during peak load, since then the price is the highest. value: 11 B&H Electrical E g n e i g, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023:8-16 n i e r n ISSN:2566-3143, eISSN:2566-3151, DOI: 10.2478/bhee-2023-0002 The optimization was performed with the following (5) v ≤ vk ()≤ v 1, j parameters of minimum and maximum normalized 1, j 1, j machine speeds: (6) v ≤≤ v () k v 2, j 2, j 2, j v 0, v1, jj 10, v 0, v1, 4; j 1, 2,3 { } 1, jj 1, Standardized production speeds of individual intermediate The normalized speeds of the machines represent the products may vary between the minimum and maximum number of intermediates produced per one step of the value: optimization period, which, further, directly affects the m ≤≤ x (k) Mm , = 0; actual speed of rotation of the machines. Furthermore, 1 1, j 1 1 (7) the requirements for the quantities of intermediates are m ≤≤ x (k) Mm , = 0; 2 2, j 2 2 defined for the end of the optimisation period (24h) and for half of the period (12h). (8) j 1, 2,3 _ k 1, 2,..., N { } { } TT xx (24) [5 5.5 6] , (24) [2.5 3 3.5] TT xx (12) 3 3.2 4 , (12) 1.5 1.7 2 [ ] [ ] It will be assumed that the energy consumed depends on the speed of the machines f (v ) and f (v ) which depends 1 1,j 2 2,j The minimum and maximum number of intermediate on the machine itself and can be, for example, square, products after any step of the optimization period are: linear or some other shape. Finally, it will be assumed mM 0, 10 that the price of energy during the day is not constant, 11 but its value is predetermined on an hourly basis as c(k); mM 0, 4 2 2 k={1,2,…,N}. Table I shows the standardized electrical energy prices through the optimization period: 3.1.3. Optimization problem Table I: Normalized electrical energy prices through the The goal of the optimization process is to find the sequence optimization period of machine speeds v and v and logical variables w 1,j 2,j 1,j and w , which determine which intermediate product Step Price Step Price 2,j is produced at some point while satisfying all the above 1 1 13 1.2 limitations of the production process and at the end of the 2 1 14 1 optimization process to produce the required amount of 3 1 15 1 intermediate product while consuming a minimum amount of electrical energy or achieving the most economically 4 1 16 1 efficient production. 5 0.8 17 1 6 0.8 18 0.5 min f (v )+ f (v ) 1 1, jj 2 2, (9) vw , ij ,, ij 7 0.8 19 0.5 8 0.8 20 1 The schematic diagram of the optimization procedure is 9 0.8 21 1 shown in Figure 4. 10 1.2 22 1 11 1.2 23 1 12 1.2 24 1 Thus, the matrix c describing the price of electrical energy is defined as follows: c= 1 1 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 111111 [ ] Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the optimisation procedure The criterion function is defined as: 3.2. Simulation of the optimization process - an example f v ,, v w , w c iv i++ iv i ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )) 12 1 2 1 2 i=1 23 (10) For the described example of the production process, a α w (i)−− wi( 1) ( ) ∑ 1 i=1 numerical simulation and optimization will be performed in the Matlab software environment using Yalmip optimization where is α = 0.6. Another member in the criterion function modelling language. was introduced to minimize the number of intermediate product changes during the optimization period. = = = = == == == == = = = D. Bago, E. Bešo, G. Kujundžić: 3.2.1. Simulation results step, the amount of one of the intermediates will be equal to the number six, which is true. The standard speed of Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the changes in the amount machines directly determines the actual speed of rotation of intermediate products x and x at the end of each of machines on which the current power of the machine 1 2 step of the optimization period. The dashed lines show or the amount of electrical energy consumed depends. the required amount of each intermediate in the middle What has also been achieved with this production plan and end of the optimization process, while the solid line is that each machine runs in two longer intervals instead describes the change in quantity. All quantity requirements of several shorter intervals. This fact brings additional have been fully met and that the production process savings due to higher power consumption when starting has been optimized without reducing efficiency and the machine, but also saves the time required to change endangering end customers. the mode of operation of the machines. Figure 7: Machine speed S and S Figure 5: Quantities of intermediates x 1 2 Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the fact that the restrictions given by expressions (3) and (4) are met, as well as the requirement for a minimum transition from one to another mode of operation, that is the method of production characteristic of each intermediate product. Figure 6: Quantities of intermediates x Figure 7 shows the machine speeds S also S during 1 2 the optimization period. Comparing the speeds of the machines with the quantities of intermediates at the end of each step shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, a clear connection between them is visible - the speed of Figure 8: Plan of production of intermediate products on the the machine during the step determines the number of machine S intermediates produced at the end of the same step. So, in the sixth step, the standardized speed of the machine is equal to 6, which means that at the end of the sixth 13 B&H Electrical E g n e i g, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023:8-16 n i e r n ISSN:2566-3143, eISSN:2566-3151, DOI: 10.2478/bhee-2023-0002 Figure 10: Quantities of intermediates x Figure 9: Machine intermediate production plan S 3.2.2. Optimization process with additional limitations Since the model of the production process and production plant described above is extremely simple, an additional limitation is added regarding the difference in the number of intermediate products between successive steps of the optimization process. A requirement is introduced that the difference in the amount of intermediate at the end of successive steps of the optimization period must be equal to 0.5 and 1 and 0 in case the machine did not produce this intermediate as it describes the real possibilities of most machines. So, it can be written: xk( +− 1) xk( )= 1∨ xk( +− 1) xk( )= 0.5 ( ) ( ) 1, jj 1, 1, jj 1, Figure 11: Quantities of intermediates x ∨ (11) xk+− 1 xk 0 , j 1, 2,3 _ k 1, 2,..., N ( ( ) ( ) ) { } { } 1, jj 1, Figure 12 shows the standardized speeds of the machines, which, of course, are always equal to 0, 0.5 and 1. The results of the optimization process with an additional limitation are presented below. Figure 10 and Figure 11 show the fact that the requirement of permissible differences in the number of intermediate products of individual machines has been met. Between every two consecutive steps the difference, if any, is equal to 1 or 0.5. Figure 12: Machine speed S and S 1 2 = = = D. Bago, E. Bešo, G. Kujundžić: As in the previous case, the requirements regarding the savings. It is a basis that can be upgraded according to the fact that each of the machines can produce only one needs of the organization to best describe the appropriate intermediate product at a time were met, as shown on processes specific to individual factories. One of the possible Figure 13 and Figure 14. problems of this mode of operation is that, if all or most factories located close to each other start to apply this model of production, they lead to “shifting” the period of maximum electrical energy consumption to those parts of the day that were previously characterized by lowest consumption. Thus, the previous periods of lower electrical energy prices would become the opposite and factories would incur higher costs than was the case before the application of the shown mode of operation and production. This potential problem is elaborated on and described in the paper Flow Shop Scheduling for Energy Efficient Manufacturing by Hao Zhang. The foundation of everyone, including this solution, is reflected in quality communication. Communication and good cooperation between electrical energy suppliers and factories as consumers can be mutually beneficial. At the end of each time interval of a predetermined length, the supplier would inform the consumer about the situation in the electrical energy market and the current price. In this way, the company could “postpone” its consumption to Figure 13: Machine intermediate production plan S periods when there will be less electrical energy consumption and achieve savings and contribute to the relief of the power system in times of greatest demand. This model of interaction is characteristic of smart grids, which will become a reality in the near future. Another form of communication is the exchange of information with nearby companies. By sharing constantly updated information on electrical energy use, they avoid the risk of the already mentioned “shift” of the peak demand period and the consequent increase in expenditure. 4. CONCLUSION Planning and “smart” energy management is the basis for the successful and rapid development of companies in the industrial sector. By applying the ISO 50001 standard, the possibility of great savings due to the use of electrical energy is realized, the harmful impact on the environment is reduced and it facilitates easier management of the power system. Figure 14: Plan of production of intermediate products on the machine S The presented simplified production model provides a quality understanding of the optimization problem It is evident that by slightly upgrading and complicating that almost all companies face and is the basis for the models and limitations of the production process, further improvement and complexity in accordance with results are obtained that seem much closer to reality and the specifications of each of the production facilities. the opportunities that would occur in a production facility. It represents the first and basic phase of the PDCA This is a simple demonstration of how a quality knowledge approach, and that is planning. of the opportunities in the production plant very quickly and easily leads to the creation of a model that can and After implementing the plan and achieving the set goals, should serve as a basis for planning and implementation the organization has the opportunity to invest the saved of production and general operations of the company. financial resources in expanding the business area, purchasing new equipment that has a higher level of 3.3. Applying the production model in practice energy efficiency, increasing employee salaries, or using them in any other way that it believes will contribute to the The following model of the production process shown progress and even greater success. through Matlab at any organization can achieve significant 15 B&H Electrical E g n e i g, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023:8-16 n i e r n ISSN:2566-3143, eISSN:2566-3151, DOI: 10.2478/bhee-2023-0002 REFERENCES [11] J. Lofberg, “YALMIP: a toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB,” 2004 IEEE International [1] World Energy Outlook 2019. Accessed Aug.15, 2020. Conference on Robotics and Automation (IEEE Cat. [Online]. Available: No.04CH37508), Taipei, Taiwan, 2004, pp. 284-289, https://www.iea.org/r eports/world-energy- doi: 10.1109/CACSD.2004.1393890. outlook-2019 [2] Total primary energy supply by fuel, 1971 and 2018. Accessed Sep. 4, 2020. [Online]. Available: https:// BIOGRAPHY www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/total-primary- energy-supply-by-fuel-1971-and- 2018 Drago Bago graduated and completed postgraduate [3] Industrial Energy Efficiency. Accessed Aug. 18, 2020. PhD studies from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and [Online].Available: https://www.climateworksaustralia. Computing, University of Zagreb. Since 2000 he has been org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/climateworks_ employed at JP Elektroprivreda Hrvatske zajednice Herceg ieedap_summary_dec2012.pdf Bosne d.d. Mostar in the Distribution Power Division and [4] World Energy Outlook 2019. Accessed Sep.28, 2020. the Development Division. Now, he is a member of the [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/reports/world- Board and the Executive Director for Development in JP energy-outlook-2019/electrical energy Elektroprivreda Hrvatske zajednice Herceg Bosne d.d. [5] H. Zang, „Flow Shop Scheduling for Energy Efficient Mostar. He is an author and a co-author of several scientific Manufacturing“, Ph.D. Dissertations, Dept. Mechanical and professional papers in the field of overvoltage protection Eng., Purdue University, USA, 2016. for medium voltage lines, the correlation of events data from [6] S. Bakr and S. Cranefield. “Optimizing Shiftable the power system and data from the system of professional Appliance Schedules across Residential Neighborhoods organization IEEE. for Lower Energy Costs and Fair Billing.” Joint Proceedings AIH+CARE@AUS-AI, 2013, pp. 45-52 Ena Bešo has a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering [7] Standards. Accessed Aug.15, 2020. [Online]. Available: and is currently engaged in master’s studies in the field https://www.iso.org/standards.html of Power Engineering at University of Mostar. She was a [8] Nancy R. Tague, The quality toolbox. ASQ Quality teaching assistant in practical lectures about transmission Press, Milwaukee, Wis., 2005 and distribution of electrical energy. Currently, she works as [9] ISO 50001: 2018 Energy Management Systems,. a consulting engineer in power line designing at EFLA AS, Accessed Oct.12, 2020. [Online]. Available: https:// Norway. www.bsigroup.com/globalassets/localfiles/en-us/ documents/bsi-us-iso-50001-implementation-guide. Goran Kujundžić received the B.S. and Ph.D. degree from pdf University of Zagreb, Croatia in 2000 and 2017 respectively. [10] International Energy Outlook 2010. Accessed Aug,19, He worked as a designer and project manager at the 2020. [Online]. Available: http://large.stanford.edu/ Distribution Department of Elektroprivreda HZ HB power courses/2010/ph240/riley2/docs/EIA-0484-2010.pdf utility (2000-2006) and after at Power Department of JP Hrvatske Telekomunikacije Mostar. His research interests include energy storage systems and management of microgrids that are based on renewable sources. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png B&H Electrical Engineering de Gruyter

The Energy Management System According to the Norm ISO 50001

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© 2023 Drago Bago et al., published by Sciendo
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Abstract

B&H Electrical E g n e i g, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023:8-16 n i e r n ISSN:2566-3143, eISSN:2566-3151, DOI: 10.2478/bhee-2023-0002 Submitted: December 23, 2022 Review scientific paper Accepted: February 20, 2023 THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE NORM ISO 50001 1,2 1 1 Drago Bago , Ena Bešo , Goran Kujundžić Abstract: The final paper presents an approach to solving the problem of optimal use of electrical energy in the production process. An analysis of all important parameters, limitations, and goals was performed, after which a mathematical model was created and used in writing Matlab code to solve the problems. It is the basis for further upgrading following the needs of each organization and because of that, it can be very significant. Keywords: Energy management, MATLAB, ISO 50001 INTRODUCTION in such facilities is moved to a period of lower demand for electrical energy in the power system and thus saves Today’s civilization is dependent on the quality of energy money. Unlike residential and catering facilities where supply, among which electrical energy stands out the energy management is relatively simple, achieving the most. It is a transitional form of energy between primary same savings in industrial plants is not an easy task given energy and useful forms of energy. Electrical energy is, that it is necessary to meet all requirements related to the with the help of electric machines, extremely easy to quantity and characteristics of products. The problem convert, into light, heat, chemicals, and many other of survival of companies is known, especially small and forms. The advantages of using electrical energy are medium enterprises, which in many cases go bankrupt in multiple - transport with minimal losses, high availability, the first few years of existence, due to profitability problems and the fact that the use of electrical energy promotes caused by failures in energy planning and management. sustainable development. Since the consumption of Achieving savings when it comes to the use of electrical electrical energy is very intense in all forms of human energy, while complying with all existing conditions, is a activity, it is concluded that it represents a high cost and major challenge that many organizations have not yet that there is a constant tendency to reduce it. The amount accepted. As a result of all these findings, the ISO 50001 of used electrical energy varies during the day. Given that standard was created, which deals with this issue. By there is a constant demand for a balance of consumed applying this standard, organizations achieve efficient use and produced electrical energy in the electrical energy of electrical energy and achieve great savings. system (EES), consumers seek to motivate themselves to reduce their consumption during peak load through price This work describes an approach to solving the problem of increases. This way, the power system is relieved during optimizing the use and management of electrical energy in peak demand, and the risk of failure is reduced as well as a factory using the Matlab program, which can serve as a the possible need to build additional power plants that will basis for many organizations in solving the same problem cover the “peaks” in the daily load diagram. In addition and planning to operate following ISO 50001. to the problem reflected in the increasing costs due to the use of electrical energy, the problem of environmental pollution due to the intensive use of non-renewable 1. ENERGY energy sources is becoming more and more pronounced. The current situation indicates that it will remain so in World energy consumption is constantly growing - it has the near future, i.e., until the area of renewable energy doubled in the last 40 years and is predicted to increase sources experiences more significant progress. Thus, in by about 1.3% per year by 2040, mainly due to increased addition to saving money, the planned and conscientious demand in developing countries [1]. These facts point to use of electrical energy reduces the negative impact on the great importance of energy for the human population. the environment. More research and scientific work are In today’s world, energy is one of the key factors for dealing with ways to save resources through “smart” the successful operation of all organizations and, often, disposal of electrical energy in residential and catering represents a very high cost regardless of activities. What facilities. The essence is reflected in the fact that the this is all about can be seen if one considers the energy use of appliances that represent the largest consumers use of an organization, from the raw material procurement Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Computing and Electrical Engineering, University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Correspondence email: drago.bago@fsre.sum.ba © 2023 Author(s). This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 8 D. Bago, E. Bešo, G. Kujundžić: phase through the production process to the recycling phase. In addition to analysing energy consumption in detail, it is important to ensure that the whole process is environmentally and socially satisfactory due to the constant depletion of limited resources and new problems, most notably noticeable climate change. About 85% of total energy consumption comes from coal, oil, and natural gas, which raises concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption. Figure 1 shows the share of individual primary energy sources in the supply of energy to the human population [2]. Figure 2: Graphic representation of the share of energy sources in generating electrical energy Electrical energy is a transitional form of energy that is difficult to accumulate. As a result, many complex infrastructures have been installed to meet electrical energy needs and avoid the risk of power outages in the grid during peak demand. Investments in the grid will increase due to the inevitable need for power plants that will produce electrical energy in periods of greatest demand as well as all associated equipment. However, Figure 1: Graphic representation of the share of primary energy use 10% of energy supply capacity will be used for only a few hundred hours per year, which is from 1% to 2% Individual organizations cannot control the price of per year [5]. Thus, balancing demand and supply only energy, government policy, or the global economy, but on the supply side is not economically meaningful. they can improve the way they, here and now, manage Alternatively, demand-side management could improve energy. Improved energy performance can bring greater the energy efficiency of the system and reduce the benefits to organizations by maximizing the use of their overall cost of maintaining the balance of supply and energy sources and energy assets, thereby reducing both demand by encouraging consumers to modify the production costs and energy consumption. electrical energy consumption model. Consumer motivation is achieved by increasing the price of By acting to better manage energy consumption, a healthier electrical energy during the peak load of the power and more beautiful environment is achieved, saving system and reducing the price during low demand. money for organizations and society as a whole. A study Thus, consumers can “move” their use of electrical by the ClimateWorks Foundation, a non-governmental energy from a period of high prices to a period of low organization that uses the power of collective philanthropy prices to reduce electrical energy costs. As a result, to fight climate change, found that doing more to improve consumer costs and peak grid load can be reduced. energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions in the The residential, commercial, and industrial sectors industrial and construction sectors alone could save account for one-third of the market’s electrical energy annual money of about $ 3,2 billion [3]. consumption. However, most research on the interaction between consumer behaviour and the market price has 1.1. Electrical energy focused on reducing the cost of electrical energy in residential or commercial buildings by optimizing the Electrical energy is a form of energy without which it schedule of appliances where possible [6]. Significantly is impossible to imagine today’s life. Over time, it has less research work is based on production facilities become one of the crucial factors for a normal life, and its because the schedule of production and consumption importance for the further progress of human civilization of electrical energy in factories is much more complex is indisputable. This suggests that the efficient use of than in residential and commercial buildings. In electrical energy inevitably leads to large savings and that production facilities, the number of products must be developing a strategy in this field is extremely important. met, and tasks must not be interrupted at random, Figure 2 graphically shows the current share of individual which makes planning very challenging. Furthermore, energy sources in generating electrical energy as well the infrastructure of today’s electrical system is aging, as the projection based on the current situation [4]. A which makes it difficult to meet even greater demand significant amount of electrical energy is generated from for electrical energy. Environmental issues, such as coal, gas, and oil, which is not a positive indicator from the climate change, ozone depletion, the problem of point of view of sustainable development. 9 B&H Electrical E g n e i g, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023:8-16 n i e r n ISSN:2566-3143, eISSN:2566-3151, DOI: 10.2478/bhee-2023-0002 “acid rain” and the depletion of non-renewable energy - quality management standards for more efficient sources, should be considered when updating today’s operation and reduction of product failures. power system. As a result, a smart grid is emerging as - environmental management standards that help a more intelligent, reliable, stable, and secure power reduce environmental impact, reduce the amount system that will integrate electrical energy generated of waste generated and promote sustainable by renewable energy sources into the entire power development; system. This system will be able to meet environmental - health and safety standards that help reduce goals and respond quickly to growing demands for accidents at work; electrical energy generation and end-user electrical - energy management standards to reduce energy energy supply in a more efficient way. One of the key consumption; features of a smart grid is demand-side management. - food safety standards that help prevent food For example, smart meters have been installed to contamination and exchange data on electrical energy prices and electrical - IT security standards that help protect sensitive energy demand. As a result, consumers can be more information [7]. informed when deciding on the use of electrical energy and can reduce their consumption during peak hours 2.1. Energy management standard - ISO 50001 and redirect their demand to the rest of the day. As electrical distribution systems move towards a smart As a result of all the knowledge about the importance of grid structure, these dynamic interactions between the electrical energy and its “smart” management, the ISO behaviour of production plants and the price market led 50001 standard was created, which is based on the model to the obvious need for detailed and constant planning of management systems adopted and implemented by of production in plants in case of additional savings. organizations around the world. The standard can make Therefore, the problem of production planning in a a positive contribution to organizations of all kinds in the smart grid scenario consists of two aspects: near future while at the same time supporting long-term - optimizing production schedules based on time- efforts to improve energy technology. ISO 50001, Energy varying electrical energy prices and Management Systems - Requirements with guidance for - changes in energy consumption in factories without use (ISO 50001) is an international standard developed their mutual communication can significantly by the International Organization for Standardization change the market price of electrical energy (ISO) at the request of the United Nations Industrial compared to the assumed and create a counter- Development Organization (UNIDO). This standard effect. provides organizations with requirements for Energy Management Systems (EMS). This facilitates integrating The first aspect will be described in detail and discussed energy management into their overall efforts to improve in this undergraduate task. Getting involved in the whole quality and environmental management. This standard is optimization process brings additional challenges, but of particular importance to organizations around the world it also opens the opportunity for companies to achieve because it is based on good management practices in even greater savings on electrical energy costs. manufacturing, business, and service institutions to meet stakeholder requirements, prevent risks and achieve strategic approaches to value creation, energy efficiency, 2. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION ORGANIZATION and sustainable development. An energy management system helps organizations to better manage energy The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) consumption, which brings improved productivity as is an international standard-setting body composed a result. This includes developing and implementing of 165 representatives of national standardization energy policy, setting achievable energy use targets, bodies. It was founded because of the agreement of devising action plans to achieve them, and measuring 65 delegates from 25 countries. At the very beginning, progress. This may include the implementation of new it consisted of 67 committees representing groups energy-efficient technologies, reducing energy waste, or of experts in the same fields [7]. ISO standards are improving ongoing processes to reduce energy costs. the result of a consensus of experts in various fields ISO 50001 recognized organizations as a framework for who support innovation and offer solutions to global developing an efficient energy management system. Like challenges. They cover and regulate many activities - other ISO management system standards, it follows a product development, process management, service “Plan-Do-Check-Act” improvement process. The Plan- provision, and material delivery. Each of the standards Do-Check-Act (PDCA) is an iterative, four-step approach is the result of thorough research by scientists with to continuously improve processes, products, or extensive experience, set to optimally meet the services and solve problems [8]. This includes systematic needs of manufacturers, retailers, customers, trade testing of possible solutions, evaluation of results, and associations, users, or regulators. Several standards implementation of those that are shown to work. Figure can be classified into several groups: 3 illustrates the PDCA approach [9]. 10 D. Bago, E. Bešo, G. Kujundžić: Since the essence of the ISO 50001 standard is based on the PDCA approach, the following example shows how to achieve optimal plans that are the basis for all further actions that need to be taken for the purpose of accreditation and re-accreditation for the said ISO standard. 3.1. Problem description We consider a production process consisting of two phases, or two machines (S and S ) where each machine 1 2 can produce three different intermediates s , s i s or 11 12 13 that is s , s and s . One machine can produce only one 21 22 23 intermediate product at a time. Also, with each machine, the production speed of individual intermediate products Figure 3: Illustration of the PDCA approach can be regulated in a certain range, which directly affects the total energy consumed. The optimization period consists of N time steps. At the end of the k-th step, the ISO 50001 provides a set of requirements that enable number of intermediates must be at least s (k)≥s¯ (k), organizations to: i,j i,j i={1,2},j={1,2,3}, k={1,2,…,N}, where s¯ (k) represents - develop their policy for more efficient use of energy; i,j the required amount of intermediate j produced by the - set targets in line with that policy; machine i at the end of the k-th step of the optimization - collect data to better understand and make decisions process. about energy use; - measure and analyse the obtained results; 3.1.1. Dynamic model of the production process - determine the degree of policy effectiveness and - continuously improve energy management. The amount of product at the output of individual machines can be described by the following dynamic model: ISO 50001 is designed to help an organization improve its energy performance through better utilization of its energy resources. Improved energy performance can x (k+⋅ 1) x (k) v w (k)      11 11 11 11 quickly provide benefits to an organization by maximizing      energy use and related assets, reducing both costs and x (k+=1) x (k)+ v⋅ wk ( ) (1) 12 12 12 12      consumption. The advantage of this standard is that it      x (k+⋅ 1) x (k) v w (k)  13   13  13 13  brings many benefits to both small and large organizations, both from the public and private sectors involved in x (k+⋅ 1) x (k)v w (k) 21 21 11 11 the production and provision of services in all regions      (2) x (k+= 1) x (k)+ v⋅ wk ( ) of the world. It establishes a solid energy management 22 22 12 12      framework for industrial plants, commercial, institutional,      x (k+⋅ 1) x (k) v w (k)  23   23  13 13  and government facilities, and entire organizations. It is characterized by wide applicability in national economic where v and v are standardized speeds of individual sectors. There are many benefits of applying this standard 1,j 2,j machines, and w and w are logical variables (values 0 or - reducing environmental impact, improving concreteness 1,j 2,j 1) that determine which intermediate product is produced and reputation, reducing costs... It is estimated that this at some point. Relevant variables in the optimization standard can affect more than 60% of energy needs process are v and v and w and w . worldwide, given that this percentage is part of energy 1,j 2,j 1,j 2,j at the global level used in the commercial and industrial 3.1.2. Limitations of the production process sectors [10]. As the fact is that the machine can only produce one intermediate product at a time, the following limitation 3. PRODUCTION PROCESS OPTIMIZATION obviously applies: The following is a concrete example of optimizing the production process by modifying the production schedule (3) w () kw ++ () kw () k = 1 11 12 13 of individual intermediate products, respecting all the w () kw ++ () kw () k = 1 (4) 21 22 23 requirements. In this way, the company will significantly reduce the costs incurred due to the use of electrical Standardized production speeds of individual intermediate energy and contribute to the relief of the power system products may vary between the minimum and maximum during peak load, since then the price is the highest. value: 11 B&H Electrical E g n e i g, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023:8-16 n i e r n ISSN:2566-3143, eISSN:2566-3151, DOI: 10.2478/bhee-2023-0002 The optimization was performed with the following (5) v ≤ vk ()≤ v 1, j parameters of minimum and maximum normalized 1, j 1, j machine speeds: (6) v ≤≤ v () k v 2, j 2, j 2, j v 0, v1, jj 10, v 0, v1, 4; j 1, 2,3 { } 1, jj 1, Standardized production speeds of individual intermediate The normalized speeds of the machines represent the products may vary between the minimum and maximum number of intermediates produced per one step of the value: optimization period, which, further, directly affects the m ≤≤ x (k) Mm , = 0; actual speed of rotation of the machines. Furthermore, 1 1, j 1 1 (7) the requirements for the quantities of intermediates are m ≤≤ x (k) Mm , = 0; 2 2, j 2 2 defined for the end of the optimisation period (24h) and for half of the period (12h). (8) j 1, 2,3 _ k 1, 2,..., N { } { } TT xx (24) [5 5.5 6] , (24) [2.5 3 3.5] TT xx (12) 3 3.2 4 , (12) 1.5 1.7 2 [ ] [ ] It will be assumed that the energy consumed depends on the speed of the machines f (v ) and f (v ) which depends 1 1,j 2 2,j The minimum and maximum number of intermediate on the machine itself and can be, for example, square, products after any step of the optimization period are: linear or some other shape. Finally, it will be assumed mM 0, 10 that the price of energy during the day is not constant, 11 but its value is predetermined on an hourly basis as c(k); mM 0, 4 2 2 k={1,2,…,N}. Table I shows the standardized electrical energy prices through the optimization period: 3.1.3. Optimization problem Table I: Normalized electrical energy prices through the The goal of the optimization process is to find the sequence optimization period of machine speeds v and v and logical variables w 1,j 2,j 1,j and w , which determine which intermediate product Step Price Step Price 2,j is produced at some point while satisfying all the above 1 1 13 1.2 limitations of the production process and at the end of the 2 1 14 1 optimization process to produce the required amount of 3 1 15 1 intermediate product while consuming a minimum amount of electrical energy or achieving the most economically 4 1 16 1 efficient production. 5 0.8 17 1 6 0.8 18 0.5 min f (v )+ f (v ) 1 1, jj 2 2, (9) vw , ij ,, ij 7 0.8 19 0.5 8 0.8 20 1 The schematic diagram of the optimization procedure is 9 0.8 21 1 shown in Figure 4. 10 1.2 22 1 11 1.2 23 1 12 1.2 24 1 Thus, the matrix c describing the price of electrical energy is defined as follows: c= 1 1 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 111111 [ ] Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the optimisation procedure The criterion function is defined as: 3.2. Simulation of the optimization process - an example f v ,, v w , w c iv i++ iv i ( ) ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )) 12 1 2 1 2 i=1 23 (10) For the described example of the production process, a α w (i)−− wi( 1) ( ) ∑ 1 i=1 numerical simulation and optimization will be performed in the Matlab software environment using Yalmip optimization where is α = 0.6. Another member in the criterion function modelling language. was introduced to minimize the number of intermediate product changes during the optimization period. = = = = == == == == = = = D. Bago, E. Bešo, G. Kujundžić: 3.2.1. Simulation results step, the amount of one of the intermediates will be equal to the number six, which is true. The standard speed of Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the changes in the amount machines directly determines the actual speed of rotation of intermediate products x and x at the end of each of machines on which the current power of the machine 1 2 step of the optimization period. The dashed lines show or the amount of electrical energy consumed depends. the required amount of each intermediate in the middle What has also been achieved with this production plan and end of the optimization process, while the solid line is that each machine runs in two longer intervals instead describes the change in quantity. All quantity requirements of several shorter intervals. This fact brings additional have been fully met and that the production process savings due to higher power consumption when starting has been optimized without reducing efficiency and the machine, but also saves the time required to change endangering end customers. the mode of operation of the machines. Figure 7: Machine speed S and S Figure 5: Quantities of intermediates x 1 2 Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the fact that the restrictions given by expressions (3) and (4) are met, as well as the requirement for a minimum transition from one to another mode of operation, that is the method of production characteristic of each intermediate product. Figure 6: Quantities of intermediates x Figure 7 shows the machine speeds S also S during 1 2 the optimization period. Comparing the speeds of the machines with the quantities of intermediates at the end of each step shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, a clear connection between them is visible - the speed of Figure 8: Plan of production of intermediate products on the the machine during the step determines the number of machine S intermediates produced at the end of the same step. So, in the sixth step, the standardized speed of the machine is equal to 6, which means that at the end of the sixth 13 B&H Electrical E g n e i g, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023:8-16 n i e r n ISSN:2566-3143, eISSN:2566-3151, DOI: 10.2478/bhee-2023-0002 Figure 10: Quantities of intermediates x Figure 9: Machine intermediate production plan S 3.2.2. Optimization process with additional limitations Since the model of the production process and production plant described above is extremely simple, an additional limitation is added regarding the difference in the number of intermediate products between successive steps of the optimization process. A requirement is introduced that the difference in the amount of intermediate at the end of successive steps of the optimization period must be equal to 0.5 and 1 and 0 in case the machine did not produce this intermediate as it describes the real possibilities of most machines. So, it can be written: xk( +− 1) xk( )= 1∨ xk( +− 1) xk( )= 0.5 ( ) ( ) 1, jj 1, 1, jj 1, Figure 11: Quantities of intermediates x ∨ (11) xk+− 1 xk 0 , j 1, 2,3 _ k 1, 2,..., N ( ( ) ( ) ) { } { } 1, jj 1, Figure 12 shows the standardized speeds of the machines, which, of course, are always equal to 0, 0.5 and 1. The results of the optimization process with an additional limitation are presented below. Figure 10 and Figure 11 show the fact that the requirement of permissible differences in the number of intermediate products of individual machines has been met. Between every two consecutive steps the difference, if any, is equal to 1 or 0.5. Figure 12: Machine speed S and S 1 2 = = = D. Bago, E. Bešo, G. Kujundžić: As in the previous case, the requirements regarding the savings. It is a basis that can be upgraded according to the fact that each of the machines can produce only one needs of the organization to best describe the appropriate intermediate product at a time were met, as shown on processes specific to individual factories. One of the possible Figure 13 and Figure 14. problems of this mode of operation is that, if all or most factories located close to each other start to apply this model of production, they lead to “shifting” the period of maximum electrical energy consumption to those parts of the day that were previously characterized by lowest consumption. Thus, the previous periods of lower electrical energy prices would become the opposite and factories would incur higher costs than was the case before the application of the shown mode of operation and production. This potential problem is elaborated on and described in the paper Flow Shop Scheduling for Energy Efficient Manufacturing by Hao Zhang. The foundation of everyone, including this solution, is reflected in quality communication. Communication and good cooperation between electrical energy suppliers and factories as consumers can be mutually beneficial. At the end of each time interval of a predetermined length, the supplier would inform the consumer about the situation in the electrical energy market and the current price. In this way, the company could “postpone” its consumption to Figure 13: Machine intermediate production plan S periods when there will be less electrical energy consumption and achieve savings and contribute to the relief of the power system in times of greatest demand. This model of interaction is characteristic of smart grids, which will become a reality in the near future. Another form of communication is the exchange of information with nearby companies. By sharing constantly updated information on electrical energy use, they avoid the risk of the already mentioned “shift” of the peak demand period and the consequent increase in expenditure. 4. CONCLUSION Planning and “smart” energy management is the basis for the successful and rapid development of companies in the industrial sector. By applying the ISO 50001 standard, the possibility of great savings due to the use of electrical energy is realized, the harmful impact on the environment is reduced and it facilitates easier management of the power system. Figure 14: Plan of production of intermediate products on the machine S The presented simplified production model provides a quality understanding of the optimization problem It is evident that by slightly upgrading and complicating that almost all companies face and is the basis for the models and limitations of the production process, further improvement and complexity in accordance with results are obtained that seem much closer to reality and the specifications of each of the production facilities. the opportunities that would occur in a production facility. It represents the first and basic phase of the PDCA This is a simple demonstration of how a quality knowledge approach, and that is planning. of the opportunities in the production plant very quickly and easily leads to the creation of a model that can and After implementing the plan and achieving the set goals, should serve as a basis for planning and implementation the organization has the opportunity to invest the saved of production and general operations of the company. financial resources in expanding the business area, purchasing new equipment that has a higher level of 3.3. Applying the production model in practice energy efficiency, increasing employee salaries, or using them in any other way that it believes will contribute to the The following model of the production process shown progress and even greater success. through Matlab at any organization can achieve significant 15 B&H Electrical E g n e i g, Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023:8-16 n i e r n ISSN:2566-3143, eISSN:2566-3151, DOI: 10.2478/bhee-2023-0002 REFERENCES [11] J. Lofberg, “YALMIP: a toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB,” 2004 IEEE International [1] World Energy Outlook 2019. Accessed Aug.15, 2020. Conference on Robotics and Automation (IEEE Cat. [Online]. Available: No.04CH37508), Taipei, Taiwan, 2004, pp. 284-289, https://www.iea.org/r eports/world-energy- doi: 10.1109/CACSD.2004.1393890. outlook-2019 [2] Total primary energy supply by fuel, 1971 and 2018. Accessed Sep. 4, 2020. [Online]. Available: https:// BIOGRAPHY www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/total-primary- energy-supply-by-fuel-1971-and- 2018 Drago Bago graduated and completed postgraduate [3] Industrial Energy Efficiency. Accessed Aug. 18, 2020. PhD studies from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and [Online].Available: https://www.climateworksaustralia. Computing, University of Zagreb. Since 2000 he has been org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/climateworks_ employed at JP Elektroprivreda Hrvatske zajednice Herceg ieedap_summary_dec2012.pdf Bosne d.d. Mostar in the Distribution Power Division and [4] World Energy Outlook 2019. Accessed Sep.28, 2020. the Development Division. Now, he is a member of the [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/reports/world- Board and the Executive Director for Development in JP energy-outlook-2019/electrical energy Elektroprivreda Hrvatske zajednice Herceg Bosne d.d. [5] H. Zang, „Flow Shop Scheduling for Energy Efficient Mostar. He is an author and a co-author of several scientific Manufacturing“, Ph.D. Dissertations, Dept. Mechanical and professional papers in the field of overvoltage protection Eng., Purdue University, USA, 2016. for medium voltage lines, the correlation of events data from [6] S. Bakr and S. Cranefield. “Optimizing Shiftable the power system and data from the system of professional Appliance Schedules across Residential Neighborhoods organization IEEE. for Lower Energy Costs and Fair Billing.” Joint Proceedings AIH+CARE@AUS-AI, 2013, pp. 45-52 Ena Bešo has a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering [7] Standards. Accessed Aug.15, 2020. [Online]. Available: and is currently engaged in master’s studies in the field https://www.iso.org/standards.html of Power Engineering at University of Mostar. She was a [8] Nancy R. Tague, The quality toolbox. ASQ Quality teaching assistant in practical lectures about transmission Press, Milwaukee, Wis., 2005 and distribution of electrical energy. Currently, she works as [9] ISO 50001: 2018 Energy Management Systems,. a consulting engineer in power line designing at EFLA AS, Accessed Oct.12, 2020. [Online]. Available: https:// Norway. www.bsigroup.com/globalassets/localfiles/en-us/ documents/bsi-us-iso-50001-implementation-guide. Goran Kujundžić received the B.S. and Ph.D. degree from pdf University of Zagreb, Croatia in 2000 and 2017 respectively. [10] International Energy Outlook 2010. Accessed Aug,19, He worked as a designer and project manager at the 2020. [Online]. Available: http://large.stanford.edu/ Distribution Department of Elektroprivreda HZ HB power courses/2010/ph240/riley2/docs/EIA-0484-2010.pdf utility (2000-2006) and after at Power Department of JP Hrvatske Telekomunikacije Mostar. His research interests include energy storage systems and management of microgrids that are based on renewable sources.

Journal

B&H Electrical Engineering – de Gruyter

Published: Jul 1, 2023

Keywords: Energy management; MATLAB; ISO 50001

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