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F. Alexander, S. Selesnick (1965)
FREUD-BLEULER CORRESPONDENCE.Archives of general psychiatry, 12
E. Kandel (1999)
Biology and the future of psychoanalysis: a new intellectual framework for psychiatry revisited.The American journal of psychiatry, 156 4
INFINITE VARIETY AND COMPLEXITY: AN URGENT CHALLENGE FOR PSYCHOANALYSIS MARIANNE HORNEY ECKARDT, M.D.* One hundred years separate us from the birth o f psychoanalysis, one hundred years that have seen more radical changes and innovations than any century before. Around 1900, we hoped to find fundamental keys to nature’s mysteries. The intervening century, however, has shown us unlimited complexity, multi-dimensionality, and multi-interaction in every field, challenging the integrative capacity o f our mind and chal lenging our ability to change. Psychoanalysis has resisted the process o f transformation to its own detriment. One hundred years ago psycho analysis was the youthful challenger and fought for its survival and later for its spot in the sun. Now psychoanalysis is being challenged from both within and without as being too inflexible, invalid, or lifeless. Psychoanalysis has had from its beginning an official paradigm in addition to many straying undercurrents. For the outsider it has largely remained Freud’s classic theories as they developed during his lifetime. For many insiders it has become a multi-faceted field representing many schools of thought, many innovative concepts, new building on old, new incorporating old, new discarding old—a field rich in diversity and rich in confusing contradictions.
Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis – Guilford Press
Published: Dec 1, 2000
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