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A Clinician's Guide to Sperm DNA and Chromatin DamageSperm Nucleoproteins (Histones and Protamines)

A Clinician's Guide to Sperm DNA and Chromatin Damage: Sperm Nucleoproteins (Histones and... [Sperm nuclear architecture is unique, since sperm chromatin is packaged in many species by protamines, which are more basic and smaller than histones. The multistep procedure of histone exchange and its replacement by protamines during the late steps of spermatogenesis in mammals is a complex controlled process that requires the contribution of histone variants, histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), transition proteins, remodeling machinery, and protamines. In the mature human sperm, while 85–95% of the mature sperm chromatin is bound to protamines, a small percentage of the chromatin (5–15%) remains bound to histones. An altered protamine ratio or an altered histone content or distribution in sperm indicates an abnormal chromatin packaging that can lead to male infertility through an increased susceptibility to DNA damage or abnormal epigenetic marking. However, little is known about how the differential distribution of genes in the sperm chromatin (nucleohistone and nucleoprotamine complexes) could impact in the early embryo development. It is suggested that histone variants and its PTMs and, perhaps, in conjunction with protamine PTMs, all together maintained in the mature sperm, could be involved in gene expression in early embryogenesis and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

A Clinician's Guide to Sperm DNA and Chromatin DamageSperm Nucleoproteins (Histones and Protamines)

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References (105)

Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Copyright
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018
ISBN
978-3-319-71814-9
Pages
31 –51
DOI
10.1007/978-3-319-71815-6_2
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

[Sperm nuclear architecture is unique, since sperm chromatin is packaged in many species by protamines, which are more basic and smaller than histones. The multistep procedure of histone exchange and its replacement by protamines during the late steps of spermatogenesis in mammals is a complex controlled process that requires the contribution of histone variants, histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), transition proteins, remodeling machinery, and protamines. In the mature human sperm, while 85–95% of the mature sperm chromatin is bound to protamines, a small percentage of the chromatin (5–15%) remains bound to histones. An altered protamine ratio or an altered histone content or distribution in sperm indicates an abnormal chromatin packaging that can lead to male infertility through an increased susceptibility to DNA damage or abnormal epigenetic marking. However, little is known about how the differential distribution of genes in the sperm chromatin (nucleohistone and nucleoprotamine complexes) could impact in the early embryo development. It is suggested that histone variants and its PTMs and, perhaps, in conjunction with protamine PTMs, all together maintained in the mature sperm, could be involved in gene expression in early embryogenesis and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.]

Published: Mar 4, 2018

Keywords: Sperm nucleoprotamines; Sperm nucleohistones; Histone variants; Posttranslational modifications; Male infertility

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