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[In this chapter we discuss some of the radio and optical transitions which are used to observe the denser, colder portions of the diffuse ISM. We begin with a brief history of molecular observations, from the optical detections of CH, CN, and CH+ in the late 1930s, to the rise of radio astronomy in the 1950s and 1960s. A brief discussion of astrochemistry and some of the basic reaction networks for oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen chemistry is included before individual molecular species of particular importance to studies of the diffuse ISM are described. We then discuss optical absorption line observations, the diffuse interstellar bands, and the red luminescence phenomenon. Finally, a brief mention of observations of the diffuse ISM in a distant galaxy is included.]
Published: Apr 9, 2017
Keywords: Absorption Line; Molecular Cloud; Column Density; Dissociative Recombination; Diffuse Medium
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