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A Guide to Lead-free SoldersMechanical Properties and Creep Behavior

A Guide to Lead-free Solders: Mechanical Properties and Creep Behavior Chapter 6 As we introduced in Chapter 1, understanding the monotonic behavior of Pb- free solders is of paramount importance to begin the proper design of an elec- tronic assembly. The tensile properties and time-dependent creep and stress relaxation behavior form the basis for comparisons of alloys, developing appro- priate tests and for developing models of the fatigue life of solder joints. We will now turn our attention to examining monotonic behavior among several alloys and to examining factors that affect both tensile and creep performance. 6.1 Monotonic Properties of Solders Generally, the monotonic tensile properties of metals placed in engineering service are described by the basic stress–strain curve familiar to all engineers. However, solders are complex, given their high homologous temperatures and strain rate dependencies, we begin our discussions here. 6.1.1 Basic Monotonic Behavior As a load is applied to a specimen, deformation occurs. Initially, for most mate- rials, much of the deformation is recoverable up to yielding and in this region the stress is essentially proportional to the strain. This is the elastic region. For materials that are not perfectly elastic, we may approximate the elastic region with a 0.2% strain offset. As the material is continuously http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

A Guide to Lead-free SoldersMechanical Properties and Creep Behavior

Editors: Engelmaier, Werner
A Guide to Lead-free Solders — Jan 1, 2007
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Publisher
Springer London
Copyright
© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007
ISBN
978-1-84628-309-3
Pages
127 –143
DOI
10.1007/978-1-84628-310-9_6
Publisher site
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Abstract

Chapter 6 As we introduced in Chapter 1, understanding the monotonic behavior of Pb- free solders is of paramount importance to begin the proper design of an elec- tronic assembly. The tensile properties and time-dependent creep and stress relaxation behavior form the basis for comparisons of alloys, developing appro- priate tests and for developing models of the fatigue life of solder joints. We will now turn our attention to examining monotonic behavior among several alloys and to examining factors that affect both tensile and creep performance. 6.1 Monotonic Properties of Solders Generally, the monotonic tensile properties of metals placed in engineering service are described by the basic stress–strain curve familiar to all engineers. However, solders are complex, given their high homologous temperatures and strain rate dependencies, we begin our discussions here. 6.1.1 Basic Monotonic Behavior As a load is applied to a specimen, deformation occurs. Initially, for most mate- rials, much of the deformation is recoverable up to yielding and in this region the stress is essentially proportional to the strain. This is the elastic region. For materials that are not perfectly elastic, we may approximate the elastic region with a 0.2% strain offset. As the material is continuously

Published: Jan 1, 2007

Keywords: Solder Joint; Stress Relaxation; Solder Alloy; Creep Behavior; Dislocation Climb

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