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A Guide to Methods in the Biomedical SciencesThe Derivation and Manipulation of Experimental Animals in Biomedical Sciences

A Guide to Methods in the Biomedical Sciences: The Derivation and Manipulation of Experimental... Chapter 6 THE DERIVATION AND MANIPULATION OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES A. Introduction Scientists strive to perform as many experiments as possible in vitro, using defined cell lines, isolated proteins, and their cloned counterparts. In vitro experiments have many advantages, including the ability to use purified reagents under controlled conditions so that other variables that could affect the experimental outcome are eliminated. However, the test tube is not a replacement for the complex interactions that oc- cur in living organisms, and cell lines cannot replicate the alterations that arise during a disease state. Consequently, the use of experimental animals is a necessary, albeit controversial, component of biomedical research. Experimental animals are an invaluable resource for mapping and identifying genes that contribute to disease susceptibility, for testing the functions of normal genes and their mutant counterparts in context, and for the testing of drugs to treat a variety of diseases. A few animal species have proven most useful because their genetic makeup can be altered either by controlled breeding or by experimental manipulation. Experi- mentally, it is now possible to introduce new genes into the genomes of these animals. It is also possible to “target” existing genes and mu- http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

A Guide to Methods in the Biomedical SciencesThe Derivation and Manipulation of Experimental Animals in Biomedical Sciences

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Publisher
Springer US
Copyright
© Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005
ISBN
978-0-387-22844-0
Pages
101 –113
DOI
10.1007/0-387-22845-4_6
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

Chapter 6 THE DERIVATION AND MANIPULATION OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES A. Introduction Scientists strive to perform as many experiments as possible in vitro, using defined cell lines, isolated proteins, and their cloned counterparts. In vitro experiments have many advantages, including the ability to use purified reagents under controlled conditions so that other variables that could affect the experimental outcome are eliminated. However, the test tube is not a replacement for the complex interactions that oc- cur in living organisms, and cell lines cannot replicate the alterations that arise during a disease state. Consequently, the use of experimental animals is a necessary, albeit controversial, component of biomedical research. Experimental animals are an invaluable resource for mapping and identifying genes that contribute to disease susceptibility, for testing the functions of normal genes and their mutant counterparts in context, and for the testing of drugs to treat a variety of diseases. A few animal species have proven most useful because their genetic makeup can be altered either by controlled breeding or by experimental manipulation. Experi- mentally, it is now possible to introduce new genes into the genomes of these animals. It is also possible to “target” existing genes and mu-

Published: Jan 1, 2005

Keywords: Major Histocompatibility Complex; Inbred Strain; Coat Color; Biomedical Science; Congenic Strain

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