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[Due to the diverse nature of interfaces examined in this paper, we use the term visual level as a general measure of visual information displayed. Visual level encompasses three measures: data hierarchy, visual quantity, and visual quality of the displayed data: Data hierarchy : Higher visual levels show data at higher levels of the data hierarchy. For example, in treemaps, users can focus on different layers of the hierarchical tree at different levels in the display Bederson et al. [2002].Visual quantity: Higher visual levels display less details. One example is semantic zooming, where users are provided with different amounts of detail in a visual level by zooming in and out. This is akin to the “levels-of-detail” concept, as in low-level details.Visual quality : Higher visual levels display data objects with less perceivable encodings. One common example is the display of textual data. With the same font type, data displayed using small unreadable font sizes is considered to be at a higher visual level than those displayed in larger readable font sizes. One example is displaying greeked text as the high-level display in document readers (e.g., Figure 2.3, the Fisheye interface Hornbæk and Frokjær [2001]). As for visual objects, the criteria of perceivability is less well defined. One example is the visual encodings used in one of our reviewed studies. In Lam et al. [2007], the same line graph data was encoded using two different types of encodings (Figure 2.1). The low-level visual encoding displays the y-dimension of line graphs using both space and colour, while the high-level encoding only uses colour, thus making the fine details of the displayed line graph less perceivable. This concept is akin to “scale”, where the zoomed-out view is of higher visual level than the zoomed-in view.]
Published: Jan 1, 2011
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