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[Culture or civilization? What is the most suitable context in which to locate leisure forms and practice? For some readers it may seem a peculiar brace of questions to address. In everyday speech, culture and civilization are often presented as interchangeable, with nothing but the thinness of a halfpenny to choose between them. Both terms signify distinctive continuities in collective patterns of behaviour. Continuities are understood as both enabling and constraining influences upon individual behaviour. Culture refers to localized continuities having to do with deep-rooted, customary principles and practices of inclusion and exclusion. For this reason, it is often most readily applied in respect of community, race, religion and the nation-state. Weber (2002: 67–98) emphasized the significance of the idea of ‘calling’ in the culture of Protestantism. He argued that it distinguished Protestants from other religions and provided the basis for continuity and solidarity upon which the roots of culture were established. Daniels’s (1995) study of leisure practice among Puritans in Colonial New England demonstrates powerfully how the Puritan critique of Roman and Anglican theology produced leisure forms organized around the doctrine of ‘sober mirth’ that was designed to cement cultural solidarity and automatically represent standards of cultural inclusion and exclusion. A corollary of the migration of people is the migration of cultures. The resultant cultural exchange between migrant and host cultures is a major resource in the development of civilization.]
Published: Nov 14, 2015
Keywords: Western Civilization; Cultural Materialism; Taste Culture; Leisure Experience; Cultural Inclusion
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