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Donald Adams (1980)
American Neutrality and Prosperity, 1793–1808: A ReconsiderationThe Journal of Economic History, 40
D. Eltis, D. Richardson (2004)
Slavery in the Development of the Americas: Prices of African Slaves Newly Arrived in the Americas, 1673–1865: New Evidence on Long-Run Trends and Regional Differentials
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[Ship sales, a balance-of-payments credit separate from merchandise, are generated as the product of price and volume. Superior price data than predecessors employed is the main contribution here. Slave imports are a debit item. For U.S.-ship transportation of slaves (whether from Africa or the Caribbean), the cost of purchase is pertinent; for foreign-ship disembarkations, the U.S. selling price is applicable. The balance of payments includes only the cost or revenue of the slave-ship owners; excluded are the costs to the enslaved people themselves (liberty, dignity, labor exploitation).]
Published: Mar 25, 2021
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