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[The second half of the last century was marked by profound technological developments and most of them are now taken for granted in daily life. The foundations for one of the most outstanding inventions have been layed in 1917, when Albert Einstein predicted the phenomenon of “stimulated emission” [1]—a fundamental concept that became the backbone of laser physics. However, it took more than 40 years before the first working prototype of a laser was finally demonstrated by Theodore Maiman in 1960 [2], putting lasers onto a successful path that persists until today. Inspired by the first discovery of laser action in a ruby crystal, an intense search for other suitable material was triggered, and Peter Sorokin and Mirek Stevenson were the first to demonstrate a 4-level solid-state laser based on uranium-doped calcium fluoride (U3+\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^{3+}$$\end{document}:CaF2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_2$$\end{document}) [3]. Notably, this world’s second laser was emitting infrared light at a wavelength of 2.49 µm, unlike the clearly visible red light generated by a ruby laser (0.694 µm).]
Published: Feb 1, 2022
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