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[Flood basalt volcanism, while dominantly effusive, includes explosive volcanism, with provinces such as the Siberian Traps containing substantial pyroclastic deposits (e.g., Black et al. 2015). Explosive volcanism in flood basalt provinces includes processes of purely magmatic volatile-driven fragmentation, such as Hawaiian-style eruptions with fire fountaining (producing spatter cones and clastogenic flows), and Strombolian-style eruptions (producing scoria cones). Many good examples of these are found in the Saudi Arabian harrats (Moufti and Németh 2016). Volcanism in Iceland is also unusually diverse (Thordarson and Larsen 2007). The explosive volcanism is important for evaluating flood basalt—mass extinction links. Unconsolidated tephra are easily eroded; they may be potentially under-represented in the preserved geological record on land in many flood basalt provinces, but preserved in the nearby ocean basins.]
Published: Nov 26, 2017
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