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[Flood basalts create beautiful and impressive landscapes, whether these landscapes be humid tropical and thickly forested, frozen and snow-covered, hot and arid, or any other. The larger-scale elements of flood basalt landscapes are plateaus and escarpments, canyons and gorges, mesas and buttes, formed on the typically horizontal lava stacks. Sigurdsson (1999, p. 113) ascribes the term “Trap” (referring to their step-like topography, and derived from an Old Norse word trappa, a step in a stair), to the Swedish scientist and philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772). Flood basalt landscapes covered in this chapter are necessarily all continental, with the sole exception of Iceland. An emergent oceanic plateau, Iceland is well known for its striking scenery: vast empty plains, broken by high, dark mountains capped by glaciers, whose meltwaters produce thunderous rivers and magnificent waterfalls during summertime. Indeed, flood basalts of the world are home to waterfalls ranging in size from small cascades to those bigger than the Niagara.]
Published: Nov 26, 2017
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