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A Quick Guide to Pediatric RetinaThe Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity

A Quick Guide to Pediatric Retina: The Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity [The pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is evolving as advances in prenatal care allow extremely premature infants to survive. In addition, throughout the world, there is variability in the presentations of ROP. In regions that lack resources to support prenatal and perinatal care, ROP develops in infants of older gestational ages and larger birth weights and has potentially different pathophysiologic factors. This chapter will review the pathophysiology of ROP and factors involved in the presentation of ROP based on what is known through clinical studies and from experimental studies using animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), which are critical to study molecular mechanisms and cell–cell interactions. Although the main areas involve clinical study, it is impossible to discuss pathophysiology without including evidence from the most representative animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and other models adapted to study maternal–fetal interactions. Understanding the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the physiology of retinal and vascular development and survival and the pathology in stage 3 and plus disease of ROP is important in discussing pathophysiology. Thoughts regarding areas of future study will be briefly described.] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

A Quick Guide to Pediatric RetinaThe Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Editors: Wu, Wei-Chi; Lam, Wai-Ching

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References (68)

Publisher
Springer Singapore
Copyright
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
ISBN
978-981-15-6551-9
Pages
3 –9
DOI
10.1007/978-981-15-6552-6_1
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

[The pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is evolving as advances in prenatal care allow extremely premature infants to survive. In addition, throughout the world, there is variability in the presentations of ROP. In regions that lack resources to support prenatal and perinatal care, ROP develops in infants of older gestational ages and larger birth weights and has potentially different pathophysiologic factors. This chapter will review the pathophysiology of ROP and factors involved in the presentation of ROP based on what is known through clinical studies and from experimental studies using animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), which are critical to study molecular mechanisms and cell–cell interactions. Although the main areas involve clinical study, it is impossible to discuss pathophysiology without including evidence from the most representative animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and other models adapted to study maternal–fetal interactions. Understanding the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the physiology of retinal and vascular development and survival and the pathology in stage 3 and plus disease of ROP is important in discussing pathophysiology. Thoughts regarding areas of future study will be briefly described.]

Published: Jan 19, 2021

Keywords: Retinal angiogenesis; Pathophysiology of ROP; Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); Reactive oxygen; Oxidative stress; Erythropoietin; ROP phases; Angiogenesis; Oxygen fluctuations; IGF-1

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