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[Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint diseases in the world. It is known that there is no one cause of osteoarthritis in the knee but a combination of various risk factors. Risk factors of knee osteoarthritis can be divided into intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors (obesity, lifestyle, heavy physical work, exercise, and sports). Intrinsic factors can be further divided into systemic factors (age, gender, genetics, diet, bone density, and ethnic characteristics) and local factors (knee injury, ligament laxity, muscle weakness, malalignment). Among them, the main factors associated with knee osteoarthritis are previous knee trauma, obesity, female gender, hand osteoarthritis and older age. Besides abovementioned factors, various genetic and metabolic factors are extensively investigating to elucidate the association with knee osteoarthritis. Some systemic factors, such as age, gender, genetics, and ethnics are not modifiable, but other factors are modifiable. Patients with knee osteoarthritis develop physical disability, which increases all-cause mortality, especially cardiovascular disease. These modifiable factors, if properly corrected, could help a free from physical dysfunction and provides human well-being. In conclusion, the importance of preventing knee osteoarthritis by understanding the etiology and risk factors of osteoarthritis is important.]
Published: Oct 13, 2021
Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis; Risk factors; Previous knee trauma; Obesity; Female gender; Genetics; Metabolism; Older age
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