Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
C. Scanzello, S. Goldring (2012)
The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.Bone, 51 2
E. Qvistgaard, H. Kristoffersen, L. Terslev, B. Danneskiold-Samsøe, S. Torp-Pedersen, H. Bliddal (2001)
Guidance by ultrasound of intra-articular injections in the knee and hip joints.Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 9 6
T. Southworth, N. Naveen, Tracy Tauro, Natalie Leong, B. Cole (2018)
The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Symptomatic Knee OsteoarthritisThe Journal of Knee Surgery, 32
C. Evans, V. Kraus, L. Setton (2014)
Progress in intra-articular therapyNature Reviews Rheumatology, 10
D. Pyne, Y. Ioannou, R. Mootoo, A. Bhanji (2004)
Intra-articular steroids in knee osteoarthritis: a comparative study of triamcinolone hexacetonide and methylprednisolone acetateClinical Rheumatology, 23
Gastón Topol, Leandro Podesta, K. Reeves, Marcia Giraldo, L. Johnson, R. Grasso, A. Jamín, T. Clark, D. Rabago (2016)
Chondrogenic Effect of Intra‐articular Hypertonic‐Dextrose (Prolotherapy) in Severe Knee OsteoarthritisPM&R, 8
J. Pak (2011)
Regeneration of human bones in hip osteonecrosis and human cartilage in knee osteoarthritis with autologous adipose-tissue-derived stem cells: a case seriesJournal of Medical Case Reports, 5
Win Oo, Xiaoqian Liu, D. Hunter (2019)
Pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety and administration of intra-articular therapies for knee osteoarthritisExpert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, 15
L. Roseti, G. Desando, C. Cavallo, M. Petretta, B. Grigolo (2019)
Articular Cartilage Regeneration in OsteoarthritisCells, 8
Kristin Salottolo, B. Cole, D. Bar-Or (2018)
Intra-articular injection of the anti-inflammatory compound LMWF-5A in adults with severe osteoarthritis: a double-blind prospective randomized controlled multi-center safety and efficacy trialPatient Safety in Surgery, 12
L. Senzel, D. Gnatenko, W. Bahou (2009)
The platelet proteomeCurrent Opinion in Hematology, 16
Barys Ihnatsenka, A. Boezaart (2010)
Ultrasound: Basic understanding and learning the languageInternational Journal of Shoulder Surgery, 4
S. Richardson, W. Schairer, T. Sculco, P. Sculco (2019)
Comparison of Infection Risk with Corticosteroid or Hyaluronic Acid Injection Prior to Total Knee ArthroplastyThe Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 101
F. Rodriguez-Fontan, N. Piuzzi, M. Kraeutler, C. Pascual-Garrido (2018)
Early Clinical Outcomes of Intra‐Articular Injections of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for the Treatment of Early Osteoarthritis of the Hip and Knee: A Cohort StudyPM&R, 10
O. Stannus, G. Jones, F. Cicuttini, V. Parameswaran, S. Quinn, J. Burgess, C. Ding (2010)
Circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α are associated with knee radiographic osteoarthritis and knee cartilage loss in older adults.Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 18 11
David Levy, K. Petersen, Margie Vaught, David Christian, B. Cole (2018)
Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis: Corticosteroids, Viscosupplementation, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Autologous Stem Cells.Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 34 5
R. Altman, Sooyeol Lim, R. Steen, V. Dasa (2015)
Hyaluronic Acid Injections Are Associated with Delay of Total Knee Replacement Surgery in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Evidence from a Large U.S. Health Claims DatabasePLoS ONE, 10
Rui Chen, Xin Xu, Yuquan Tao, Zijun Qian, Yongchun Yu (2019)
Exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: a new horizonCell Communication and Signaling : CCS, 17
B. Saltzman, T. Leroux, Maximilian Meyer, B. Basques, J. Chahal, B. Bach, A. Yanke, B. Cole (2017)
The Therapeutic Effect of Intra-articular Normal Saline Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-analysis of Evidence Level 1 StudiesThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 45
José Matas, M. Orrego, D. Amenábar, C. Infante, R. Tapia-Limonchi, María Cádiz, F. Alcayaga-Miranda, P. González, Emilio Muse, M. Khoury, F. Figueroa, Francisco Espinoza (2018)
Umbilical Cord‐Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) for Knee Osteoarthritis: Repeated MSC Dosing Is Superior to a Single MSC Dose and to Hyaluronic Acid in a Controlled Randomized Phase I/II TrialStem Cells Translational Medicine, 8
Y Wang (2019)
10.1186/s12964-019-0411-xCell Commun Signal, 17
F. Roemer, A. Aydemir, S. Lohmander, M. Crema, M. Marra, N. Muurahainen, D. Felson, F. Eckstein, A. Guermazi (2016)
Structural effects of sprifermin in knee osteoarthritis: a post-hoc analysis on cartilage and non-cartilaginous tissue alterations in a randomized controlled trialBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 17
M. Kim, R. Cho, Y. In (2019)
The efficacy and safety of polydeoxyribonucleotide for the treatment of knee osteoarthritisMedicine, 98
E. Matzkin, Emily Curry, Qingwu Kong, M. Rogers, M. Henry, Eric Smith (2017)
Efficacy and Treatment Response of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections in Patients With Symptomatic Knee OsteoarthritisJournal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 25
T. McAlindon, M. Lavalley, W. Harvey, L. Price, J. Driban, Ming Zhang, R. Ward (2017)
Effect of Intra-articular Triamcinolone vs Saline on Knee Cartilage Volume and Pain in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical TrialJAMA, 317
HJ Jin (2013)
10.3390/ijms140917986Int J Mol Sci, 14
M. Luc, T. Pham, C. Chagnaud, P. Lafforgue, V. Legré (2006)
Placement of intra-articular injection verified by the backflow technique.Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 14 7
J. Freitag, D. Bates, J. Wickham, K. Shah, L. Huguenin, Abi Tenen, K. Paterson, R. Boyd (2019)
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.Regenerative medicine, 14 3
D. Jevsevar, P. Donnelly, Gregory Brown, D. Cummins (2015)
Viscosupplementation for Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 97 24
O. Bruyère, G. Honvo, N. Veronese, N. Arden, J. Branco, E. Curtis, N. Al-Daghri, G. Herrero-Beaumont, J. Martel-Pelletier, J. Pelletier, F. Rannou, R. Rizzoli, Roland Roth, D. Uebelhart, C. Cooper, J. Reginster (2019)
An updated algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO).Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism
H. Lindsley, J. Schue, O. Tawfik, R. Bolce, Donald Smith, G. Hinson, J. Wick (2013)
FRI0304 Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with intra-articular infliximab improves total womac score. High baseline levels of synovial cellularity predict improvementAnnals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 71
P. MacMahon, S. Eustace, E. Kavanagh (2009)
Injectable corticosteroid and local anesthetic preparations: a review for radiologists.Radiology, 252 3
U. Yavuz, S. Sökücü, A. Albayrak, K. Öztürk (2012)
Efficacy comparisons of the intraarticular steroidal agents in the patients with knee osteoarthritisRheumatology International, 32
Karthik Meiyappan, M. Cote, K. Bozic, M. Halawi (2020)
Adherence to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nonoperative Management of Knee Osteoarthritis.The Journal of arthroplasty
Yong Park, Won Choi, Yong‐Kyun Kim, Sang Lee, Ji Lee (2012)
Accuracy of blind versus ultrasound‐guided suprapatellar bursal injectionJournal of Clinical Ultrasound, 40
N. Rydell, E. Balazs (1971)
Effect of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid on the clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis and on granulation tissue formation.Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 80
S. Shapiro, Shari Kazmerchak, M. Heckman, A. Zubair, M. O’Connor (2017)
A Prospective, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for Knee OsteoarthritisThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 45
H. Bird, E. Ring, P. Bacon (1979)
A thermographic and clinical comparison of three intra-articular steroid preparations in rheumatoid arthritis.Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 38
T. Foster, B. Puskas, B. Mandelbaum, Michael Gerhardt, S. Rodeo (2009)
Platelet-Rich PlasmaThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 37
H. Derendorf, H. Möllmann, Alf Grüner, D. Haack, G. Gyselby (1986)
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glucocorticoid suspensions after intra‐articular administrationClinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 39
F. Squadrito, A. Bitto, N. Irrera, G. Pizzino, Giovanni Pallio, L. Minutoli, D. Altavilla (2017)
Pharmacological Activity and Clinical Use of PDRNFrontiers in Pharmacology, 8
Steven Bowman, Mohamed Awad, M. Hamrick, M. Hunter, S. Fulzele (2018)
Recent advances in hyaluronic acid based therapy for osteoarthritisClinical and Translational Medicine, 7
M. Kim, C. Ha, Y. In, Sung-Do Cho, Eui-Sung Choi, J. Ha, Ju-Hong Lee, J. Yoo, S. Bin, C. Choi, H. Kyung, M. Lee (2018)
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Cell and Gene Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients.Human gene therapy. Clinical development, 29 1
Haiko Pas, Marinus Winters, H. Haisma, M. Koenis, J. Tol, M. Moen (2017)
Stem cell injections in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literatureBritish Journal of Sports Medicine, 51
N. Maricar, M. Callaghan, D. Felson, T. O’Neill (2012)
Predictors of response to intra-articular steroid injections in knee osteoarthritis—a systematic reviewRheumatology (Oxford, England), 52
R. Bannuru, T. McAlindon, M. Sullivan, J. Wong, D. Kent, C. Schmid (2015)
Effectiveness and Implications of Alternative Placebo TreatmentsAnnals of Internal Medicine, 163
Colbert Chavez-Chiang, W. Sibbitt, P. Band, N. Chavez-Chiang, S. Delea, A. Bankhurst (2011)
The highly accurate anteriolateral portal for injecting the kneeSports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy & Technology: SMARTT, 3
P. Creamer (1997)
Intra-articular corticosteroid injections in osteoarthritis: do they work and if so, how?Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 56
R. Altman, A. Bedi, Ajay Manjoo, Faizan Niazi, Peter Shaw, P. Mease (2019)
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid: A Systematic ReviewCARTILAGE, 10
R. Bannuru, Nikola Natov, I. Obadan, L. Price, C. Schmid, T. McAlindon (2009)
Therapeutic trajectory of hyaluronic acid versus corticosteroids in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arthritis and rheumatism, 61 12
D. Rabago, A. Zgierska, L. Fortney, Richard Kijowski, M. Mundt, M. Ryan, Jessica Grettie, J. Patterson (2012)
Hypertonic dextrose injections (prolotherapy) for knee osteoarthritis: results of a single-arm uncontrolled study with 1-year follow-up.Journal of alternative and complementary medicine, 18 4
C. Jacques, M. Gosset, F. Berenbaum, C. Gabay (2006)
The role of IL-1 and IL-1Ra in joint inflammation and cartilage degradation.Vitamins and hormones, 74
R. Sit, V. Chung, K. Reeves, D. Rabago, K. Chan, D. Chan, Xin-yin Wu, R. Ho, Samuel Wong (2016)
Hypertonic dextrose injections (prolotherapy) in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysisScientific Reports, 6
S. Tarhan, Z. Unlu (2003)
Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonographic evaluation of the patients with knee osteoarthritis: a comparative studyClinical Rheumatology, 22
N. Chavez-Chiang, W. Sibbitt, P. Band, S. Delea, Kye Park, A. Bankhurst (2012)
The outcomes and cost-effectiveness of intraarticular injection of the rheumatoid kneeRheumatology International, 32
G. Filardo, Davide Previtali, Francesca Napoli, C. Candrian, S. Zaffagnini, A. Grassi (2020)
PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsCartilage, 13
Bradford Tucker, Richard Campbell, Fotios Tjoumakaris, K. Freedman, Lawrence Miller, Daniel Maria, Morgan Leider, Jamie Garza (2020)
Clinical Efficacy Of Intra-articular Mesenchymal Stem Cells For The Treatment Of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double Blinded, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical TrialOrthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 8
J. Aronowitz, Joshua Ellenhorn (2013)
Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Isolation: A Head-to-Head Comparison of Four Commercial Cell Separation SystemsPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 132
Peter Simkin (1995)
Synovial perfusion and synovial fluid solutes.Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 54
H. Benzon, T. Chew, R. McCarthy, H. Benzon, D. Walega (2007)
Comparison of the Particle Sizes of Different Steroids and the Effect of Dilution: A Review of the Relative Neurotoxicities of the SteroidsAnesthesiology, 106
Heather Curtiss, J. Finnoff, E. Peck, J. Hollman, Jeffery Muir, Jay Smith (2011)
Accuracy of Ultrasound‐Guided and Palpation‐Guided Knee Injections By an Experienced and Less‐Experienced Injector Using a Superolateral Approach: A Cadaveric StudyPM&R, 3
R. Glattes, K. Spindler, G. Blanchard, M. Rohmiller, E. McCarty, J. Block (2004)
A Simple, Accurate Method to Confirm Placement of Intra-Articular Knee InjectionThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32
N. Maricar, M. Parkes, M. Callaghan, C. Hutchinson, A. Gait, R. Hodgson, D. Felson, T. O’Neill (2017)
Structural predictors of response to intra-articular steroid injection in symptomatic knee osteoarthritisArthritis Research & Therapy, 19
M. Colangelo, C. Galli, S. Guizzardi (2020)
The effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide on wound healing and tissue regeneration: a systematic review of the literature.Regenerative medicine
R Jubb (2003)
10.1111/j.1742-1241.2003.tb10535.xInt J Clin Pract, 57
J. Caron, J. Fernandes, J. Martel-Pelletier, G. Tardif, F. Mineau, C. Geng, J. Pelletier (1996)
Chondroprotective effect of intraarticular injections of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in experimental osteoarthritis. Suppression of collagenase-1 expression.Arthritis and rheumatism, 39 9
Richard Dumais, Catherine Benoit, A. DuMAIS, Lise Babin, R. Bordage, Claire Arcos, J. Allard, M. Bélanger (2012)
Effect of regenerative injection therapy on function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized crossover study.Pain medicine, 13 8
R. Vanelli, Pietro Costa, S. Rossi, F. Benazzo (2010)
Efficacy of intra-articular polynucleotides in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind clinical trialKnee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 18
J. Raynauld, C. Buckland-Wright, R. Ward, D. Choquette, B. Haraoui, J. Martel-Pelletier, I. Uthman, V. Khy, Jean-Luc Tremblay, C. Bertrand, J. Pelletier (2003)
Safety and efficacy of long-term intraarticular steroid injections in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Arthritis and rheumatism, 48 2
B. Pekarek, L. Osher, Stacie Buck, Michael Bowen (2011)
Intra-articular corticosteroid injections: a critical literature review with up-to-date findings.Foot, 21 2
R. Bannuru, M. Osani, E. Vaysbrot, N. Arden, N. Arden, K. Bennell, S. Bierma-Zeinstra, V. Kraus, L. Lohmander, J. Abbott, M. Bhandari, F. Blanco, R. Espinosa, I. Haugen, Jianhao Lin, L. Mandl, E. Moilanen, N. Nakamura, L. Snyder-Mackler, T. Trojian, M. Underwood, M. Underwood, T. McAlindon (2019)
OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage
Ian Jones, R. Togashi, Melissa Wilson, N. Heckmann, C. Vangsness (2018)
Intra-articular treatment options for knee osteoarthritisNature Reviews Rheumatology, 15
J. Popma, F. Snel, C. Haagsma, P. Brummelhuis-Visser, H. Oldenhof, J. Palen, M. Laar (2015)
Comparison of 2 Dosages of Intraarticular Triamcinolone for the Treatment of Knee Arthritis: Results of a 12-week Randomized Controlled Clinical TrialThe Journal of Rheumatology, 42
L. Giarratana, B. Marelli, C. Crapanzano, S. Martinis, L. Gala, M. Ferraro, N. Marelli, W. Albisetti (2014)
A randomized double-blind clinical trial on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: the efficacy of polynucleotides compared to standard hyaluronian viscosupplementation.The Knee, 21 3
A. Buyuk, E. Kilinc, I. Camurcu, S. Çamur, H. Ucpunar, A. Kara (2017)
COMPARED EFFICACY OF INTRA-ARTICULAR INJECTION OF METHYLPREDNISOLONE AND TRIAMCINOLONEActa Ortopedica Brasileira, 25
D. Simone, M. Nolano, Timothy Johnson, G. Wendelschafer‐Crabb, W. Kennedy (1998)
Intradermal Injection of Capsaicin in Humans Produces Degeneration and Subsequent Reinnervation of Epidermal Nerve Fibers: Correlation with Sensory FunctionThe Journal of Neuroscience, 18
Emily Doyle, Nicholas Wragg, S. Wilson (2020)
Intraarticular injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances regeneration in knee osteoarthritisKnee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 28
C. Esenyel, M. Demirhan, Meltem Esenyel, M. Sonmez, S. Kahraman, B. Şenel, Taskin Ozdes (2007)
Comparison of four different intra-articular injection sites in the knee: a cadaver studyKnee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 15
M. Adams, M. Atkinson, A. Lussier, Jan Schulz, K. Siminovitch, J. Wade, M. Zummer (1995)
The role of viscosupplementation with hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc) in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a Canadian multicenter trial comparing hylan G-F 20 alone, hylan G-F 20 with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and NSAIDs alone.Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 3 4
D Dallari (2018)
10.1097/JSM.0000000000000569Clin J Sport Med, 30
J. Hermans, S. Bierma-Zeinstra, P. Bos, J. Verhaar, M. Reijman (2011)
The most accurate approach for intra-articular needle placement in the knee joint: a systematic review.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 41 2
C. Nguyen, F. Rannou (2017)
The safety of intra-articular injections for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a critical narrative reviewExpert Opinion on Drug Safety, 16
Eric Cotter, R. Frank, B. Mandelbaum (2019)
Management of osteoarthritis - biological approaches: current conceptsJournal of ISAKOS, 5
JR Garza (2020)
10.1177/0363546519899923Am J Sports Med, 48
M. Østergaard, P. Halberg (1998)
Intra-Articular Corticosteroids in Arthritic DiseaseBioDrugs, 9
C. Shortt, W. Morrison, C. Roberts, D. Deely, Angela Gopez, A. Zoga (2009)
Shoulder, hip, and knee arthrography needle placement using fluoroscopic guidance: practice patterns of musculoskeletal radiologists in North AmericaSkeletal Radiology, 38
E. Kon, B. Matteo, Diego Delgado, B. Cole, Andrea Dorotei, J. Dragoo, G. Filardo, L. Fortier, A. Giuffrida, C. Jo, J. Magalon, G. Malanga, A. Mishra, N. Nakamura, S. Rodeo, Steve Samspon, Mikèl Sanchez (2020)
Platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: an expert opinion and proposal for a novel classification and coding systemExpert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 20
Y. Koh, Yun-Jin Choi, S. Kwon, Yong-Sang Kim, J. Yeo (2015)
Clinical results and second-look arthroscopic findings after treatment with adipose-derived stem cells for knee osteoarthritisKnee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 23
R. Douglas (2014)
Aspiration and Injection of the Knee Joint: Approach PortalKnee Surgery & Related Research, 26
Jiazhu Tang, Mingjun Nie, J. Zhao, G. Zhang, Qing Zhang, Bo Wang (2020)
Platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysisJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 15
Yong-Beom Park, C. Ha, Choong-hee Lee, Y. Yoon, Yong-Geun Park (2016)
Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritic Patients by a Composite of Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Blood‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hyaluronate Hydrogel: Results from a Clinical Trial for Safety and Proof‐of‐Concept with 7 Years of Extended Follow‐UpStem Cells Translational Medicine, 6
D. Scale, M. Wobig, W. Wolpert (1994)
Viscosupplementation of osteoarthritic knees with hylan: A treatment schedule studyCurrent Therapeutic Research-clinical and Experimental, 55
Y. Yazici, T. McAlindon, A. Gibofsky, N. Lane, C. Lattermann, N. Skrepnik, C. Swearingen, A. Difrancesco, J. Tambiah, M. Hochberg (2019)
THU0458 EFFICACY AND SAFETY FROM A PHASE 2B TRIAL OF SM04690, A NOVEL INTRA-ARTICULAR WNT PATHWAY INHIBITOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEEAnnals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 78
Yang Song, Hui Du, Cheng-xiang Dai, Li Zhang, Su-ke Li, D. Hunter, Liangjing Lu, C. Bao (2018)
Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for osteoarthritis: a pilot study with long-term follow-up and repeated injections.Regenerative medicine, 13 3
Wenxue Dai, Aiguo Zhou, Hua Zhang, Jian Zhang (2017)
Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 33 3
R. Soler, L. Orozco, A. Munar, M. Huguet, Ramon López, J. Vives, R. Coll, M. Codinach, J. García-López (2016)
Final results of a phase I-II trial using ex vivo expanded autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee confirming safety and suggesting cartilage regeneration.The Knee, 23 4
Krista O'shaughnessey, A. Matuska, J. Hoeppner, J. Farr, M. Klaassen, C. Kaeding, C. Lattermann, W. King, Jennifer Woodell-May (2014)
Autologous protein solution prepared from the blood of osteoarthritic patients contains an enhanced profile of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and anabolic growth factorsJournal of Orthopaedic Research, 32
Tate Hepper, J. Halvorson, S. Duncan, Andrew Gregory, W. Dunn, K. Spindler (2009)
The Efficacy and Duration of Intra‐articular Corticosteroid Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Level I StudiesJournal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 17
D. Jackson, Nicholas Evans, B. Thomas (2002)
Accuracy of Needle Placement into the Intra-Articular Space of the KneeThe Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, 84
L. Gennero, Tetyana Denysenko, Gian Calisti, A. Vercelli, Carlo Vercelli, S. Amedeo, S. Mioletti, E. Parino, M. Montanaro, A. Melcarne, Carola Juenemann, E. Vivo, A. Longo, G. Cavallo, R. Siena (2013)
Protective effects of polydeoxyribonucleotides on cartilage degradation in experimental culturesCell Biochemistry and Function, 31
S. Im, Sang Lee, Yongbum Park, Sung-Rae Cho, Jong Kim (2009)
Feasibility of Sonography for Intra‐articular Injections in the Knee Through a Medial Patellar PortalJournal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 28
Woo-Suk Lee, H. Kim, Kang-Il Kim, G. Kim, W. Jin (2019)
Intra‐Articular Injection of Autologous Adipose Tissue‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Phase IIb, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical TrialStem Cells Translational Medicine, 8
C. Jo, J. Chai, E. Jeong, Sohee Oh, J. Shin, H. Shim, K. Yoon (2017)
Intra-articular Injection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A 2-Year Follow-up StudyThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 45
J. Galipeau, M. Krampera (2015)
The challenge of defining mesenchymal stromal cell potency assays and their potential use as release criteria.Cytotherapy, 17 2
J. Pak, Jung Lee, Kwang Park, Moonhee Park, Lin-Woo Kang, S. Lee (2017)
Current use of autologous adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction cells for orthopedic applicationsJournal of Biomedical Science, 24
J. McGarry, Z. Daruwalla (2011)
The efficacy, accuracy and complications of corticosteroid injections of the knee jointKnee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 19
Jourdan Cancienne, B. Werner, Luke Luetkemeyer, J. Browne (2015)
Does Timing of Previous Intra-Articular Steroid Injection Affect the Post-Operative Rate of Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty?The Journal of arthroplasty, 30 11
I. Kushner, J. Somerville (1971)
Permeability of human synovial membrane to plasma proteins. Relationship to molecular size and inflammation.Arthritis and rheumatism, 14 5
Victor Carlson, A. Ong, F. Orozco, V. Hernandez, Rex Lutz, Z. Post (2017)
Compliance With the AAOS Guidelines for Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Survey of the American Association of Hip and Knee SurgeonsJournal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 26
C. Larsen, J. Ostergaard, S. Larsen, Henrik Jensen, S. Jacobsen, C. Lindegaard, P. Andersen (2008)
Intra-articular depot formulation principles: role in the management of postoperative pain and arthritic disorders.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 97 11
V. Kraus, P. Conaghan, H. Aazami, P. Mehra, A. Kivitz, J. Lufkin, J. Hauben, J. Johnson, N. Bodick (2018)
Synovial and systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) following intra-articular (IA) injection of an extended-release microsphere-based formulation (FX006) or standard crystalline suspension in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 26 1
J. Paik, S. Duggan, S. Keam (2019)
Triamcinolone Acetonide Extended-Release: A Review in Osteoarthritis Pain of the KneeDrugs, 79
D. Jevsevar, Gregory Brown, Dina Jones, E. Matzkin, P. Manner, P. Mooar, J. Schousboe, S. Stovitz, J. Sanders, K. Bozic, M. Goldberg, W. Martin, D. Cummins, P. Donnelly, A. Woznica, Leeaht Gross (2013)
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons evidence-based guideline on: treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, 2nd edition.The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 95 20
P. Bourin, B. Bunnell, L. Casteilla, M. Dominici, A. Katz, K. March, H. Redl, J. Rubin, K. Yoshimura, J. Gimble (2013)
Stromal cells from the adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction and culture expanded adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells: a joint statement of the International Federation for Adipose Therapeutics and Science (IFATS) and the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT).Cytotherapy, 15 6
L. Moreland (2003)
Intra-articular hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) and hylans for the treatment of osteoarthritis: mechanisms of actionArthritis Research & Therapy, 5
Peter Simkin, J. Pizzorno (1979)
Synovial permeability in rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis and rheumatism, 22 7
Jae-Do Kim, G. Lee, Gu-Hee Jung, Cheung-Kue Kim, Taehun Kim, J. Park, S. Cha, Young-Bin You (2014)
Clinical outcome of autologous bone marrow aspirates concentrate (BMAC) injection in degenerative arthritis of the kneeEuropean Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, 24
R. Altman, J. Hackel, Faizan Niazi, Peter Shaw, Mathew Nicholls (2018)
Efficacy and safety of repeated courses of hyaluronic acid injections for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 48 2
C. Chu, Christian Coyle, Charleen Chu, M. Szczodry, V. Seshadri, J. Karpie, Kristina Cieslak, E.K. Pringle (2010)
In vivo effects of single intra-articular injection of 0.5% bupivacaine on articular cartilage.The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 92 3
A. Rutjes, P. Jüni, B. Costa, S. Trelle, E. Nüesch, S. Reichenbach (2012)
Viscosupplementation for Osteoarthritis of the KneeAnnals of Internal Medicine, 157
Jeffrey DeLong, K. Beitzel, A. Mazzocca, D. Shepard, Brandon Roller, Bryan Hanypsiak (2011)
Update on platelet-rich plasmaCurrent Orthopaedic Practice, 22
M. Tominaga, M. Caterina, A. Malmberg, Tobias Rosen, Heather Gilbert, K. Skinner, B. Raumann, A. Basbaum, D. Julius (1998)
The Cloned Capsaicin Receptor Integrates Multiple Pain-Producing StimuliNeuron, 21
Bumsup Lee, J. Parvizi, D. Bramlet, D. Romness, A. Guermazi, M. Noh, N. Sodhi, A. Khlopas, Michael Mont (2019)
Results of a Phase II Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Genetically Engineered Allogeneic Human Chondrocytes Expressing TGF-β1The Journal of Knee Surgery, 33
D. Hunter (2015)
Viscosupplementation for osteoarthritis of the knee.The New England journal of medicine, 372 11
S. Kolasinski, T. Neogi, M. Hochberg, C. Oatis, G. Guyatt, J. Block, L. Callahan, Cindy Copenhaver, Carole Dodge, D. Felson, Kathleen Gellar, W. Harvey, G. Hawker, Edward Herzig, C. Kwoh, A. Nelson, J. Samuels, C. Scanzello, D. White, B. Wise, R. Altman, D. DiRenzo, J. Fontanarosa, Gina Giradi, Mariko Ishimori, D. Misra, A. Shah, A. Shmagel, L. Thoma, Marat Turgunbaev, Amy Turner, J. Reston (2020)
2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and KneeArthritis & Rheumatology, 72
K. Ong, A. Anderson, Faizan Niazi, Anke Fierlinger, S. Kurtz, R. Altman (2016)
Hyaluronic Acid Injections in Medicare Knee Osteoarthritis Patients Are Associated With Longer Time to Knee Arthroplasty.The Journal of arthroplasty, 31 8
H. Jin, Y. Bae, Miyeon Kim, Soon-Jae Kwon, Hong Jeon, S. Choi, Seong Kim, Yoon-Sun Yang, W. Oh, J. Chang
Molecular Sciences Comparative Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Umbilical Cord Blood as Sources of Cell Therapy
Mohsen Emadedin, Narges Labibzadeh, M. Liastani, A. Karimi, N. Jaroughi, T. Bolurieh, Seyyedeh-Esmat Hosseini, H. Baharvand, N. Aghdami (2018)
Intra-articular implantation of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to treat knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 clinical trial.Cytotherapy, 20 10
Yongbum Park, Sang Lee, H. Nam, Jihae Lee, S. Nam (2011)
Comparison of Sonographically Guided Intra‐articular Injections at 3 Different Sites of the KneeJournal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 30
A. Caplan (2017)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Time to Change the Name!Stem Cells Translational Medicine, 6
Y. Toda, N. Tsukimura (2008)
A comparison of intra-articular hyaluronan injection accuracy rates between three approaches based on radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 16 9
X. Chevalier, P. Goupille, A. Beaulieu, F. Burch, W. Bensen, T. Conrozier, D. Loeuille, A. Kivitz, D. Silver, B. Appleton (2009)
Intraarticular injection of anakinra in osteoarthritis of the knee: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Arthritis and rheumatism, 61 3
R. Delanois, J. Etcheson, N. Sodhi, R. Henn, Chukwuweike Gwam, N. George, Michael Mont (2019)
Biologic Therapies for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis.The Journal of arthroplasty, 34 4
J. Belk, M. Kraeutler, Darby Houck, J. Goodrich, J. Dragoo, E. McCarty (2020)
Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 49
A. Bitto, F. Polito, N. Irrera, A. D'Ascola, A. Avenoso, G. Nastasi, G. Campo, A. Micali, G. Bagnato, L. Minutoli, H. Marini, Mariagrazia Rinaldi, F. Squadrito, D. Altavilla (2011)
Polydeoxyribonucleotide reduces cytokine production and the severity of collagen-induced arthritis by stimulation of adenosine A(₂A) receptor.Arthritis and rheumatism, 63 11
M. Hussein (2017)
An Accurate Full-flexion Anterolateral Portal for Needle Placement in the Knee Joint With Dry OsteoarthritisJournal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 25
Christopher Smith, Rahil Patel, C. Vannabouathong, Brendan Sales, A. Rabinovich, R. McCormack, E. Belzile, M. Bhandari (2018)
Combined intra-articular injection of corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid reduces pain compared to hyaluronic acid alone in the treatment of knee osteoarthritisKnee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 27
Eric Bowman, J. Hallock, T. Throckmorton, F. Azar (2018)
Hyaluronic acid injections for osteoarthritis of the knee: predictors of successful treatmentInternational Orthopaedics, 42
Jianping Wang (2017)
Efficacy and safety of adalimumab by intra-articular injection for moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis: An open-label randomized controlled trialThe Journal of International Medical Research, 46
E. Kon, L. Engebretsen, P. Verdonk, S. Nehrer, G. Filardo (2020)
Autologous Protein Solution Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: 3-Year ResultsThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 48
Endke Balazs, D. Watson, I. Duff, S. Roseman (1967)
Hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid. I. Molecular parameters of hyaluronic acid in normal and arthritis human fluids.Arthritis and rheumatism, 10 4
Chen‐Ti Wang, Jinn Lin, Chee-Jen Chang, Yu‐Tsan Lin, S. Hou (2004)
Therapeutic effects of hyaluronic acid on osteoarthritis of the knee. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 86 3
P. Conaghan, D. Hunter, S. Cohen, V. Kraus, F. Berenbaum, J. Lieberman, Deryk Jones, A. Spitzer, D. Jevsevar, Nathaniel Katz, D. Burgess, J. Lufkin, James Johnson, N. Bodick (2018)
Effects of a Single Intra-Articular Injection of a Microsphere Formulation of Triamcinolone Acetonide on Knee Osteoarthritis PainThe Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American volume, 100
E. Strauss, J. Hart, Mark Miller, R. Altman, J. Rosen (2009)
Hyaluronic Acid Viscosupplementation and OsteoarthritisThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 37
Yuanyuan Wang, S. Hall, F. Hanna, A. Wluka, G. Grant, P. Marks, M. Feletar, F. Cicuttini (2011)
Effects of Hylan G-F 20 supplementation on cartilage preservation detected by magnetic resonance imaging in osteoarthritis of the knee: a two-year single-blind clinical trialBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 12
S. Reichenbach, S. Blank, A. Rutjes, A. Shang, Elizabeth King, P. Dieppe, P. Jüni, S. Trelle (2007)
Hylan versus hyaluronic acid for osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arthritis and rheumatism, 57 8
C. Charalambous, C. Paschalides, S. Sadiq, M. Tryfonides, P. Hirst, A. Paul (2002)
Weight bearing following intra-articular steroid injection of the knee: survey of current practice and review of the available evidenceRheumatology International, 22
R. Shimonkevitz, Gregory Thomas, D. Slone, M. Craun, C. Mains, D. Bar-Or (2008)
A diketopiperazine fragment of human serum albumin modulates T-lymphocyte cytokine production through rap1.The Journal of trauma, 64 1
S. Brockmeier, B. Shaffer (2006)
Viscosupplementation Therapy for OsteoarthritisSports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review, 14
J Cunnington (2010)
10.1002/art.27448Arthritis Rheum, 62
V. Silverwood, M. Blagojevic-Bucknall, C. Jinks, J. Jordan, J. Protheroe, K. Jordan (2015)
Current evidence on risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 23 4
N. Maricar, M. Parkes, M. Callaghan, D. Felson, T. O’Neill (2013)
Where and how to inject the knee—A systematic review☆☆☆Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 43
K. Chakravarty, P. Pharoah, D. Scott (1994)
A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY OF POST-INJECTION REST FOLLOWING INTRA-ARTICULAR STEROID THERAPY FOR KNEE SYNOVITISRheumatology, 33
A. Jones, M. Regan, J. Ledingham, M. Pattrick, A. Manhire, M. Doherty (1993)
Importance of placement of intra-articular steroid injections.British Medical Journal, 307
T. Stappenbeck, H. Miyoshi (2009)
The Role of Stromal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration and Wound RepairScience, 324
WL Sibbitt, LG Kettwich, P. Band, NR Chavez-Chiang, SL DeLea, L. Haseler, A. Bankhurst (2012)
Does ultrasound guidance improve the outcomes of arthrocentesis and corticosteroid injection of the knee?Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 41
M. Hochberg, A. Guermazi, H. Guehring, A. Aydemir, S. Wax, P. Fleuranceau-Morel, A. Bihlet, I. Byrjalsen, J. Andersen, F. Eckstein (2019)
Effect of Intra-Articular Sprifermin vs Placebo on Femorotibial Joint Cartilage Thickness in Patients With Osteoarthritis: The FORWARD Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA, 322 14
R. Stevens, J. Ervin, J. Nezzer, Y. Nieves, K. Guedes, R. Burges, P. Hanson, J. Campbell (2019)
Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial of Intraarticular Trans‐Capsaicin for Pain Associated With Osteoarthritis of the KneeArthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.j.), 71
Sung Lee, K. Gn, B. Chung, Sang Lee, T. Kim (2015)
Anterolateral Portal Is Less Painful than Superolateral Portal in Knee Intra-Articular InjectionKnee Surgery & Related Research, 27
Yoo-Sin Park, S. Lim, I. Lee, T. Lee, Jong-Sung Kim, J. Han (2007)
Intra-articular injection of a nutritive mixture solution protects articular cartilage from osteoarthritic progression induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection in mature rabbits: a randomized controlled trialArthritis Research & Therapy, 9
J. Cherian, J. Parvizi, D. Bramlet, K. Lee, D. Romness, M Mont (2015)
Preliminary results of a phase II randomized study to determine the efficacy and safety of genetically engineered allogeneic human chondrocytes expressing TGF-β1 in patients with grade 3 chronic degenerative joint disease of the knee.Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 23 12
T. McAlindon, R. Bannuru, M. Sullivan, N. Arden, F. Berenbaum, S. Bierma-Zeinstra, G. Hawker, Y. Henrotin, Y. Henrotin, David Hunter, H. Kawaguchi, K. Kwoh, S. Lohmander, F. Rannou, E. Roos, M. Underwood (2014)
OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 22 3
S. Yoon, Jung Kang, Jungin Kim, Seunghun Park, Jong Kim (2019)
Efficacy and Safety of Intra-articular Injections of Hyaluronic Acid Combined With Polydeoxyribonucleotide in the Treatment of Knee OsteoarthritisAnnals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 43
R. Hauser, Johanna Lackner, Danielle Steilen-Matias, David Harris (2016)
A Systematic Review of Dextrose Prolotherapy for Chronic Musculoskeletal PainClinical Medicine Insights. Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9
R. Bannuru, Nikola Natov, U. Dasi, C. Schmid, T. McAlindon (2010)
Therapeutic trajectory following intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection in knee osteoarthritis--meta-analysis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 19 6
X. Chevalier, F. Eymard, P. Richette (2013)
Biologic agents in osteoarthritis: hopes and disappointmentsNature Reviews Rheumatology, 9
S. Ohtori, S. Orita, K. Yamauchi, Y. Eguchi, N. Ochiai, S. Kishida, K. Kuniyoshi, Y. Aoki, J. Nakamura, T. Ishikawa, M. Miyagi, H. Kamoda, Miyako Suzuki, G. Kubota, Y. Sakuma, Y. Oikawa, K. Inage, T. Sainoh, J. Sato, Yasuhiro Shiga, Koki Abe, K. Fujimoto, H. Kanamoto, T. Toyone, G. Inoue, Kazuhisa Takahashi (2015)
Efficacy of Direct Injection of Etanercept into Knee Joints for Pain in Moderate and Severe Knee OsteoarthritisYonsei Medical Journal, 56
A. Knight, J. Levick (1984)
Morphometry of the ultrastructure of the blood-joint barrier in the rabbit knee.Quarterly journal of experimental physiology, 69 2
D. Bar-Or, Kristin Salottolo, Holli Loose, M. Phillips, B. Mcgrath, N. Wei, James Borders, J. Ervin, A. Kivitz, M. Hermann, T. Shlotzhauer, M. Churchill, Donald Slappey, V. Clift (2014)
A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate Two Doses of an Intra-Articular Injection of LMWF-5A in Adults with Pain Due to Osteoarthritis of the KneePLoS ONE, 9
A. Lomonte, Marina Morais, Lina Carvalho, C. Zerbini (2015)
Efficacy of Triamcinolone Hexacetonide versus Methylprednisolone Acetate Intraarticular Injections in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double-blinded, 24-week StudyThe Journal of Rheumatology, 42
E. Kon, L. Engebretsen, P. Verdonk, S. Nehrer, G. Filardo (2018)
Clinical Outcomes of Knee Osteoarthritis Treated With an Autologous Protein Solution Injection: A 1-Year Pilot Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled TrialThe American Journal of Sports Medicine, 46
J. Myung, J. Lee, Ji Lee, J. Choi, Sung Kim, W. Jun, Na Kim, J. Kim, H. Jeong, S. Hong, Y. Jeon, Heon Han, H. Kang (2007)
Usefulness of Fluoroscopy-Guided Intra-articular Injection of the KneeJournal of the Korean Society of Radiology, 56
M. Klontzas, E. Kenanidis, M. Heliotis, E. Tsiridis, A. Mantalaris (2015)
Bone and cartilage regeneration with the use of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cellsExpert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 15
J. Divine, Bohdanna Zazulak, T. Hewett (2007)
Viscosupplementation for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review.Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 455
M. Dominici, K. Blanc, Ingo Mueller, I. Slaper-Cortenbach, F. Marini, D. Krause, R. Deans, A. Keating, D. Prockop, E. Horwitz (2006)
Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.Cytotherapy, 8 4
C. Centeno, J. Pitts, Hasan Al-Sayegh, Michael Freeman (2014)
Efficacy of Autologous Bone Marrow Concentrate for Knee Osteoarthritis with and without Adipose GraftBioMed Research International, 2014
S. Shapiro, Jennifer Arthurs, M. Heckman, Joseph Bestic, Shari Kazmerchak, N. Diehl, A. Zubair, M. O’Connor (2018)
Quantitative T2 MRI Mapping and 12-Month Follow-up in a Randomized, Blinded, Placebo Controlled Trial of Bone Marrow Aspiration and Concentration for Osteoarthritis of the KneesCARTILAGE, 10
Margaret Smith, Peter Ghosh (2004)
The synthesis of hyaluronic acid by human synovial fibroblasts is influenced by the nature of the hyaluronate in the extracellular environmentRheumatology International, 7
[Oral or parenteral administered drugs used to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA) enter the joint through complicated pharmacokinetic processes. Intra-articular (IA) injection therapy has a number of advantages over systemic administration such as bypassing this process and avoiding systemic adverse events. For IA injection therapy to work effectively, drugs must be injected accurately into the joints. Image guided injection using ultrasound is more useful than blind method for accurate IA injection. IA therapeutic agents for the treatment of knee OA include corticosteroids (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), biologics. CS has a short-term effect on improving symptoms of knee OA, but HA has a relatively longer term effect. Biologic agents either target specific catabolic proinflammatory mediators or affect anabolism because OA results from an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic factors. Biologics used for treatment of knee OA are categorized into non-cellular or cell therapy. Non-cellular therapy includes human serum albumin, growth factors, cytokine antagonists. In particular, the recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18 and the wnt receptor inhibitor have an anabolic effect. Cell therapy includes cell concentrates, mesenchymal stromal cells, and gene therapy. Recently, cell concentrates are commonly used for knee OA treatment as autologous point-of-care cell therapy regardless of its efficacy. Cell concentrates include stromal vascular fraction (SVF), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), plasma rich platelet (PRP), and autologous protein solution. The therapeutic effects of PRP remain for more than 6 months, but effect size has not reached minimal clinical important difference. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are grown from cell concentrates in vitro and separated with only cells with MSC characteristics. MSCs used in the treatment of knee OA include bone marrow-derived MSCs and adipose-derived MSCs. Despite the clinical potential of MSCs, clinical efficacy in knee OA treatment is limited. According to guidelines from non-profit organizations, PRP and MSC injections are strongly recommended against in patients with knee OA.]
Published: Oct 13, 2021
Keywords: Intra-articular injection; Pharmacokinetics; Ultrasound; Corticosteroid; Hyaluronic acid; Polydeoxyribonucleotide; Hypertonic dextrose; Biologics; Growth factors; Cytokine antagonists; Plasma rich platelet; Mesenchymal stromal cells
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.