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[The introductory and theory chapter explores the sociology of education as the study of social elements of education. These social elements include the experiences and representations of individuals, groups, contexts and policy trends. This chapter introduces readers to the sociological study of education using a focus on the four main orientations to social elements of education considered throughout the book: conservative, liberal, critical and post-modern. The conservative orientation has been historically dominant prior to modern history, and the other approaches arose most strongly in movements across the literature and in educational policies and processes since the 1960s–1980s. These approaches have competing ideals for education and inform many of the ‘education wars’ seen in modern staffrooms, curriculum revision processes, policy debates and media beat-ups. The Voices of Experience study which this book reports on focused on understanding students’ experiences of conservative, liberal, critical and post-modern approaches to social phenomena in education. Research questions behind the study stemmed from the four orientations model and broadly considered the dominant approaches to education for different identity-based social issues; the approaches most useful for different types of students; and how students imagined improving schools. Tutorial questions for this chapter consider definitions of terms, which approaches to education readers are most familiar with across education broadly and which are initially the most appealing to readers.]
Published: Jan 4, 2020
Keywords: Sociology; Education; Introduction; Theory; Orientation; Teacher; School; Wars
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