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A Treatise on Topical Corticosteroids in DermatologyEvolution and Development of Topical Corticosteroids

A Treatise on Topical Corticosteroids in Dermatology: Evolution and Development of Topical... [Corticosteroids are the steroidal compounds derived from the adrenal gland or prepared synthetically. Topical corticosteroids are mainly glucocorticoids. The first use of corticosteroids was in the form of adrenal extracts which was reported in 1930 by Swingle et al. In the same year, Tadeus Reichstein in Zurich; Edward Kendall at the Mayo Clinic, USA; and Oskar Wintersteiner at Columbia had been able to isolate small amount of active steroid from the adrenal gland. Systemically it was used successfully to treat rheumatoid arthritis in 1948. Reichstein, Kendall and Hench received a ‘Nobel Prize’ for their work with adrenal steroids. The first successful use of topical hydrocortisone in human dermatoses was reported in 1952 by Sulzberger and Witten. This landmark event opened up the avenue for the search of newer molecules with more potency and desirable properties. Gradually, the fluorinated compounds like flumethasone, flurandrenolone and triamcinolone were developed by early 1960. All these preparations were more potent than cortisone and hydrocortisone. The third generation of topical corticosteroids, betamethasone, beclomethasone or fluocinolone, found their places in the early 1960s which gradually extended their presence from systemic to topical therapy. Betamethasone, a remarkable one, after primarily systemic use, was placed successfully in the topical world in 1964. Betamethasone valerate was prepared by 1967 by esterification which further added to the potency of the parent compound. With the increase in the number of topical corticosteroid preparations, the World Health Organization classified such agents into seven groups. Several assay methods were developed for assessment of potency and activity of topical corticosteroids. Human vasoconstrictor assay, described by McKenzie and Stoughton in 1962, was one of the methods which has been very common for years.] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

A Treatise on Topical Corticosteroids in DermatologyEvolution and Development of Topical Corticosteroids

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Publisher
Springer Singapore
Copyright
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018
ISBN
978-981-10-4608-7
Pages
1 –9
DOI
10.1007/978-981-10-4609-4_1
Publisher site
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Abstract

[Corticosteroids are the steroidal compounds derived from the adrenal gland or prepared synthetically. Topical corticosteroids are mainly glucocorticoids. The first use of corticosteroids was in the form of adrenal extracts which was reported in 1930 by Swingle et al. In the same year, Tadeus Reichstein in Zurich; Edward Kendall at the Mayo Clinic, USA; and Oskar Wintersteiner at Columbia had been able to isolate small amount of active steroid from the adrenal gland. Systemically it was used successfully to treat rheumatoid arthritis in 1948. Reichstein, Kendall and Hench received a ‘Nobel Prize’ for their work with adrenal steroids. The first successful use of topical hydrocortisone in human dermatoses was reported in 1952 by Sulzberger and Witten. This landmark event opened up the avenue for the search of newer molecules with more potency and desirable properties. Gradually, the fluorinated compounds like flumethasone, flurandrenolone and triamcinolone were developed by early 1960. All these preparations were more potent than cortisone and hydrocortisone. The third generation of topical corticosteroids, betamethasone, beclomethasone or fluocinolone, found their places in the early 1960s which gradually extended their presence from systemic to topical therapy. Betamethasone, a remarkable one, after primarily systemic use, was placed successfully in the topical world in 1964. Betamethasone valerate was prepared by 1967 by esterification which further added to the potency of the parent compound. With the increase in the number of topical corticosteroid preparations, the World Health Organization classified such agents into seven groups. Several assay methods were developed for assessment of potency and activity of topical corticosteroids. Human vasoconstrictor assay, described by McKenzie and Stoughton in 1962, was one of the methods which has been very common for years.]

Published: May 18, 2017

Keywords: Topical steroids; Adrenal extracts; Hydrocortisone; Betamethasone; Dermatoses; Sulzberger and Witten

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