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Pathological Analysis of Abdominal Neuroendocrine Tumors Erminia Manfrin, Angelica Sonzogni, Aldo Scarpa, and Giuseppe Pelosi 9.1 Introduction Pathology plays a fundamental role in the proper clinical management of abdomi- nal neuroendocrine neoplasm patients. Essential information regards the precise WXPRUFODVVLÀFDWLRQ QHXURHQGRFULQHYVQRQQHXURHQGRFULQH E \ XVLQJPRUSKRO- ogy and immunohistochemistry, the separation between well-differentiated neuro- endocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated carcinomas (NECs) by means of tumor architecture and neuroendocrine marker immunohistochemistry, the iden- WLÀFDWLRQRIWKHJDQRURIRULJLQWKHDWWULEXWLRQRIJUDGLQJ *WR* XSRQPLWRWLF F RXQWDQG.LODEHOLQJLQGH[ /, DQGDVVHVVPHQWDQGGHÀQLWLR QRIVWDJLQJRQ the basis of tumor size and extent according to existing guidelines [1–4]. Additional information may regard further histologic characterization (non- ischemic necrosis, vascular and perineural invasion, resection margin status) and evaluation of the functional status by means of clinicopathologic correlations [1]. In cases of metastatic tumors or to better substantiate morphologic diagnoses, V SHFLÀFLPPXQRKLVWRFKHPLVWU \ RUPROHFXODUPDUNHUVPD \ SURYHWREHSDUWLFX - larly useful especially in the case of NETs, while NECs especially of the small- cell type may also illegitimately express a wider range of unrelated factors [5–7]. $ OOWKLVLQIRUPDWLRQLVHDVLO \ JDWKHUHGRQVXUJLFDOO \ UHVHFWHGWXPRUVEXWÀQH needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or small-sized biopsy samples may be the only available material for rendering an ultimate diagnosis on inoperable neuro- endocrine cancer patients to make operative decisions
Published: Sep 22, 2017
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