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Agent OrangeUpdate on History and Science of the Major Components of Agent Orange

Agent Orange: Update on History and Science of the Major Components of Agent Orange [Historically, the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T have remained two of the most extensively studied chemicals. They were both developed and formulated in the late 1940s. It is estimated that there are over 40,000 published studies dealing with various aspects of the phenoxy herbicides. Between 9 January 1962 and 29 January 1971, approximately 24 million kg of 2,4,5-T and 28 million kg of 2,4-D were used for vegetation control in Vietnam. From 1994 through 2018, the Institute of Medicine, has examined the available literature on 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. For 2,4-D, after rigorous biomonitoring and scientific studies conducted over five decades, there was no evidence of cancer in animal tests, no evidence of reproductive toxicity, no evidence of birth defects, and it was not considered to be a human carcinogen. The epidemiological data provide no convincing or consistent evidence of any chronic adverse effects of 2,4-D in humans. For 2,4,5-T, researchers have repeatedly evaluated the toxicology, medical, and environmental fate of the herbicide. Much of the early toxicity data that had been attributed to 2,4,5-T were later shown to be caused by the TCDD contaminant. The scientific evidence supported the conclusion that there has been a disconnect between perception and reality as to hazards and human risks of 2,4,5-T. The half-life in the human body was between 18 and 24 h (unmetabolized), and in the environment between 10 and 20 days: depending on soil moisture, sediment load, dissolved organic carbon, and soil temperature. Its safety record has been thoroughly researched and exposure was considered of minimal risk.] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

Agent OrangeUpdate on History and Science of the Major Components of Agent Orange

Part of the Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Book Series (volume 58)
Young, Alvin L.
Agent Orange — Jul 26, 2022
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Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Copyright
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
ISBN
978-3-031-08186-6
Pages
35 –46
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-08187-3_3
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

[Historically, the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T have remained two of the most extensively studied chemicals. They were both developed and formulated in the late 1940s. It is estimated that there are over 40,000 published studies dealing with various aspects of the phenoxy herbicides. Between 9 January 1962 and 29 January 1971, approximately 24 million kg of 2,4,5-T and 28 million kg of 2,4-D were used for vegetation control in Vietnam. From 1994 through 2018, the Institute of Medicine, has examined the available literature on 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. For 2,4-D, after rigorous biomonitoring and scientific studies conducted over five decades, there was no evidence of cancer in animal tests, no evidence of reproductive toxicity, no evidence of birth defects, and it was not considered to be a human carcinogen. The epidemiological data provide no convincing or consistent evidence of any chronic adverse effects of 2,4-D in humans. For 2,4,5-T, researchers have repeatedly evaluated the toxicology, medical, and environmental fate of the herbicide. Much of the early toxicity data that had been attributed to 2,4,5-T were later shown to be caused by the TCDD contaminant. The scientific evidence supported the conclusion that there has been a disconnect between perception and reality as to hazards and human risks of 2,4,5-T. The half-life in the human body was between 18 and 24 h (unmetabolized), and in the environment between 10 and 20 days: depending on soil moisture, sediment load, dissolved organic carbon, and soil temperature. Its safety record has been thoroughly researched and exposure was considered of minimal risk.]

Published: Jul 26, 2022

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