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T. Laqueur (1990)
Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud
Karen Lawrence (2009)
Orlando's Voyage OutMFS Modern Fiction Studies, 38
J. Kristeva (1980)
Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection
Jeff Nunokawa (2009)
The Afterlife of Property: Domestic Security and the Victorian Novel
David Mayall (2003)
Gypsy Identities 1500-2000: From Egipcyans and Moon-men to the Ethnic Romany
J. Okely (1983)
The traveller-gypsies
M. Poovey (1989)
Uneven Developments: The Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian England
R. Graves (1957)
English and Scottish ballads
G. Borrow
Lavengro: The Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest
Emily Brontë, Anne Brontë (2000)
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF ELLIS AND ACTON BELL
T. Eagleton (2005)
Myths of Power: A Marxist Study of the Brontës
Van Ghent, Dorothy Bendon (1953)
The English novel, form and function
Humphrey Gawthrop (2003)
Slavery: Idée Fixe of Emily and Charlotte BrontëBrontë Studies, 38
[Virginia Woolf’s Orlando (1928) is manifestly a novel about the ambiguity of gender: in it, a young man changes, during a three hundred-year-plus lifespan, into a woman.2 In the course of Orlando’s transition from male to female, gender’s multiple possibilities are shown to be far less stable than the rigid binaries of the nineteenth century against which Woolf and the Bloomsbury Group reacted would suggest.3 What is less clear is that Orlando, like so many of its nineteenth-century predecessors, is a novel about the ambiguity of property, about the way the apparent solidity of ownership of an inherited ancestral estate such as Orlando’s (modeled on Vita Sackville-West’s Knole4) could dissolve from the clarity of primogeniture into indeterminacy, turmoil, and litigation. As gender is revealed to be as filmy and mysterious as Orlando’s transformation from male to female, the distribution of property is shown to be equally amorphous, linked to principles no more certain than those of gender.5 It is in the midst of the transition from male to female, from property owner to litigant, that Orlando replicates the plot of many English ballads6 and runs away with a “gipsy tribe” (140), seeking respite from the exacting demands of gender and ownership and the complicated relationship between the two.7]
Published: Oct 14, 2015
Keywords: BRITISH Literature; British Isle; Henry VIII; Ideological Work; Exacting Demand
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