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Daniel Schwarz (1999)
Imagining the Holocaust
Radu Ioanid, E. Wiesel, Paul Shapiro, Marc Masurovsky (1999)
The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime, 1940-1944
C. Caruth (1996)
Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative and History
David Mayall (2003)
Gypsy Identities 1500-2000: From Egipcyans and Moon-men to the Ethnic Romany
J. Young (1988)
Writing and Rewriting the Holocaust: Narrative and the Consequences of Interpretation
W. Willems (1997)
In Search of the True Gypsy: From Enlightenment to Final Solution
F. Dougherty (1980)
The gypsies in Western literature
G. Margalit (2002)
Germany and Its Gypsies: A Post-Auschwitz Ordeal
Heike Krokowski (2001)
Die Last der Vergangenheit : Auswirkungen nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung auf deutsche Sinti
I. Clendinnen (1999)
Reading the Holocaust
Ian Hancock (2004)
Romanies and the Holocaust: A Re-evaluation and Overview
H. Friedlander (1997)
The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution
D. Kenrick (1998)
Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies)
G. Lewy (2000)
The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies
R. Pohanka (1994)
Auf der ganzen Welt zu Hause : das Leben und Wandern des Zigeuners Karl Stojka
[In 1978, more than thirty years after the liberation of the Nazi death camps, Stefan Kanfer published his novel The Eighth Sin, the first widely read literary account of the extermination of Romanies in Nazi Germany.3 The fate of the Roma and Sinti had stirred virtually no interest in the literary world until 1978, and the Romani Porrajmos had become “an almost forgotten footnote to the history of the Nazi genocide” (Tyrnauer 97). It is, therefore, not surprising that Frank Timothy Dougherty applauds Kanfer’s “sheer courage in taking on a theme of the proportions of the [G]ypsies and the Holocaust” (260). Taking on such an overwhelming and understudied topic as early as Kanfer did was not only courageous, it was imperative in calling attention to the fate of a people still stigmatized and marginalized as if the Holocaust never happened and never involved them.4 It is easy to dismiss Kanfer’s novel from a contemporary perspective, but it is more important to discuss its relevance in the context of the 1970s and, especially, at the new fin-de-siècle, when Romanies were subjected to renewed discrimination in both western and eastern Europe.]
Published: Oct 14, 2015
Keywords: Concentration Camp; Holocaust Survivor; Childhood Memory; Hunger Strike; Nuremberg Trial
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