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In Memoriam of Nico Westerhof (1937–2022)

In Memoriam of Nico Westerhof (1937–2022) Stergiopulos and Segers Artery Research Artery Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s44200-023-00030-8 Open Access SHORT COMMUNIC ATION 1 2* Nikos Stergiopulos and Patrick Segers returned to the Netherlands to join the Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, where he became Lecturer in 1971 and Professor in 1980. From 1992 to 2002, he was Scientific Director of the Institute for Cardiovascular Research of the Vrije Universiteit (ICaR-VU). He became emeritus 31 May 2002. Nico was a longstanding and honorary member of ARTERY and received the Lifetime achievement award in 2011. Both of us had the pleasure and privilege to work closely with Nico from the 1990s on. The collaboration with Nikos started in 1992 with yearly, most productive and enriching one-month summer visits of Nico to Nikos’ LHTC lab, who was just being appointed as assistant pro fessor at the EPFL in Lausanne. These visits continued for Nico Westerhof, Professor emeritus of the Vrije Uni- many years and formed the basis of a large proportion of versiteit Amsterdam, broadly recognized as one of the the hemodynamics research of the LHTC for the years greatest contributors to the field of hemodynamics and to follow. The collaboration with Patrick started with cardiovascular physiology, passed away in Amsterdam, in a 9  month post-doc at the Department of Physiology at company of his loving family on April 25, 2022. the VU Amsterdam in 1999, which continued throughout Nico studied physics at Utrecht University in the Neth- Nico’s active career as scientist, persisting long after his erlands and received his MS degree in 1962. From 1964 retirement. It is fair to state that this collaboration largely to 1966, he worked at the Department of Physiology of determined both of our careers. Georgetown University in Washington, DC from where Those of us who worked with Nico, will always remem he moved to the Department of Biomedical Engineer- ber him for his unending curiosity, enthusiasm, and ing (Moore School of Electrical Engineering) at the Uni- energy for research. He is also remembered as one of the versity of Pennsylvania where he pursued his graduate kindest and most positive and integer persons in the aca- studies under the supervision of Abraham Noordergraaf demic world. A true homo universalis and humanist that and received his Ph.D. degree in 1968. In May 1969, he the cardiovascular research community was blessed to have as a leader for so many years. Nico possessed a rare gift to understand complex *Correspondence: mechanisms and processes and distil them down to Patrick Segers patrick.segers@ugent.be simple but powerful models and concepts that gained Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, Swiss universal acceptance and found their way in standard Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland 2 physiology books and teaching curricula. Examples are Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium the three-element windkessel (rightly termed also as © The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/. Stergiopulos and Segers Artery Research “Westkessel”) model, the method to separate arterial 6. Murgo JP, Westerhof N, Giolma JP, Altobelli SA. waves into their forward and backward running com- Aortic input impedance in normal man: rela- ponents, as well as the works on cardiovascular interac- tionship to pressure wave forms. Circulation. tion and the role of the heart in systolic and pulmonary 1980;62(1):105–16. hypertension. 7. Latham RD, Westerhof N, Sipkema P, Rubal BJ, Honorary Functions and Recognitions Reuderink P, Murgo JP. Regional wave travel and reflections along the human aorta: a study with • President of the Cardiovascular System Dynamics six simultaneous micromanometric pressures. Society (1996–1998). Circulation. 1985;72:1257–69. • Honorary member of the Italian Society for Experi- 8. Westerhof N, O’Rourke MF. Haemodynamic basis mental Biology, and for the development of left ventricular failure in • Member of the Turin Medical Academy of Sciences systolic hypertension and for its logical therapy. J (Accademia di Medicina di Torino). Hypertens. 1995;13(9):943–52. Review. • From September 2003 until December 2006, he was 9. Stergiopulos N, Meister JJ, Westerhof N. Evaluation Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of the of methods for estimation of total arterial compli- Netherlands Heart Foundation. ance. Am J Physiol. 1995;268(4 Pt 2):H1540-8. • In 1996, he received an honorary doctorate from the 10. Stergiopulos N, Segers P, Westerhof N. Use of Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzer- pulse pressure method for estimating total arte- land. rial compliance in vivo. Am J Physiol. 1999;276(2 • In December 2009, he was recipient of the ‘Oeuvre- Pt 2):H424-8. prize’ (the Dusser de Barenne Coin) of the Dutch 11. Westerhof N, Boer C, Lamberts RR, Sipkema P. Physiological Society (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Cross-talk between cardiac muscle and coronary Fysiologie). vasculature. Physiol Rev. 2006;86(4):1263–308. • In October 2011, he received the ‘Lifetime Achieve- Review. ment Award’ of the ARTERY Society. 12. Westerhof N, Lankhaar JW, Westerhof BE. • In May 2014, he was awarded ‘Ridder in de Orde van The arterial Windkessel. Med Biol Engn Comp de Nederlandse Leeuw’ (Knight in the Order of the 2009;47: 131–141. Netherlands Lion). 13. Handoko ML, De Man FS, Oosterveer FP, Bogaard HJ, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Westerhof N. Some Selected Publications A critical appraisal of transpulmonary and dias- tolic pressure gradients. Physiol Rep. 2016;4(17). pii: e12910. https:// doi. org/ 10. 14814/ phy2. 12910. 1. Westerhof, Stergiopulos N, Noble MIM. Snapshots 14. Rol N, Timmer EM, Faes TJ, Vonk Noordegraaf of hemodynamics 2nd ed. Springer Nature 2010. A, Grünberg K, Bogaard HJ,Westerhof N. Vascu- 2. Westerhof N, Bosman F, De Vries CJ, Noordergraaf lar narrowing in pulmonary arterial hypertension A. Analog studies of the human systemic arterial is heterogeneous: rethinking resistance. Physiol tree. J Biomech. 1969;2(2):121–43. Rep. 2017;5(6). pii: e13159.https:// doi. org/ 10. 3. Westerhof N, Elzinga G, Sipkema P. An artificial 14814/ phy2. 13159. arterial system for pumping hearts. J Appl Physiol. 15. Vonk Noordegraaf A, Westerhof BE, Westerhof 1971;31(5):776–81. N. The relationship between the right ventricle 4. Westerhof N, Sipkema P, van den Bos GC, Elzinga and its load in in pulmonary hypertension. J Am G. Forward and backward waves in the arterial sys- Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(2):236–243. Review. tem. Cardiovasc Res. 1972;6(6):648–56. 5. Elzinga G, Westerhof N. Pressure and flow gener - ated by the left ventricle against different imped - ances. Circ Res. 1973;32(2):178–86. S tergiopulos and Segers Artery Research Data availability Not applicable. Declaration Conflict of interest Not applicable. Received: 14 February 2023 Accepted: 16 February 2023 Re Read ady y to to submit y submit your our re researc search h ? Choose BMC and benefit fr ? Choose BMC and benefit from om: : fast, convenient online submission thorough peer review by experienced researchers in your field rapid publication on acceptance support for research data, including large and complex data types • gold Open Access which fosters wider collaboration and increased citations maximum visibility for your research: over 100M website views per year At BMC, research is always in progress. Learn more biomedcentral.com/submissions http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Artery Research Springer Journals

In Memoriam of Nico Westerhof (1937–2022)

Stergiopulos, Nikos; Segers, Patrick
Artery Research , Volume 29 (2) – Jun 1, 2023
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Abstract

Stergiopulos and Segers Artery Research Artery Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s44200-023-00030-8 Open Access SHORT COMMUNIC ATION 1 2* Nikos Stergiopulos and Patrick Segers returned to the Netherlands to join the Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, where he became Lecturer in 1971 and Professor in 1980. From 1992 to 2002, he was Scientific Director of the Institute for Cardiovascular Research of the Vrije Universiteit (ICaR-VU). He became emeritus 31 May 2002. Nico was a longstanding and honorary member of ARTERY and received the Lifetime achievement award in 2011. Both of us had the pleasure and privilege to work closely with Nico from the 1990s on. The collaboration with Nikos started in 1992 with yearly, most productive and enriching one-month summer visits of Nico to Nikos’ LHTC lab, who was just being appointed as assistant pro fessor at the EPFL in Lausanne. These visits continued for Nico Westerhof, Professor emeritus of the Vrije Uni- many years and formed the basis of a large proportion of versiteit Amsterdam, broadly recognized as one of the the hemodynamics research of the LHTC for the years greatest contributors to the field of hemodynamics and to follow. The collaboration with Patrick started with cardiovascular physiology, passed away in Amsterdam, in a 9  month post-doc at the Department of Physiology at company of his loving family on April 25, 2022. the VU Amsterdam in 1999, which continued throughout Nico studied physics at Utrecht University in the Neth- Nico’s active career as scientist, persisting long after his erlands and received his MS degree in 1962. From 1964 retirement. It is fair to state that this collaboration largely to 1966, he worked at the Department of Physiology of determined both of our careers. Georgetown University in Washington, DC from where Those of us who worked with Nico, will always remem he moved to the Department of Biomedical Engineer- ber him for his unending curiosity, enthusiasm, and ing (Moore School of Electrical Engineering) at the Uni- energy for research. He is also remembered as one of the versity of Pennsylvania where he pursued his graduate kindest and most positive and integer persons in the aca- studies under the supervision of Abraham Noordergraaf demic world. A true homo universalis and humanist that and received his Ph.D. degree in 1968. In May 1969, he the cardiovascular research community was blessed to have as a leader for so many years. Nico possessed a rare gift to understand complex *Correspondence: mechanisms and processes and distil them down to Patrick Segers patrick.segers@ugent.be simple but powerful models and concepts that gained Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, Swiss universal acceptance and found their way in standard Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland 2 physiology books and teaching curricula. Examples are Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium the three-element windkessel (rightly termed also as © The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/. Stergiopulos and Segers Artery Research “Westkessel”) model, the method to separate arterial 6. Murgo JP, Westerhof N, Giolma JP, Altobelli SA. waves into their forward and backward running com- Aortic input impedance in normal man: rela- ponents, as well as the works on cardiovascular interac- tionship to pressure wave forms. Circulation. tion and the role of the heart in systolic and pulmonary 1980;62(1):105–16. hypertension. 7. Latham RD, Westerhof N, Sipkema P, Rubal BJ, Honorary Functions and Recognitions Reuderink P, Murgo JP. Regional wave travel and reflections along the human aorta: a study with • President of the Cardiovascular System Dynamics six simultaneous micromanometric pressures. Society (1996–1998). Circulation. 1985;72:1257–69. • Honorary member of the Italian Society for Experi- 8. Westerhof N, O’Rourke MF. Haemodynamic basis mental Biology, and for the development of left ventricular failure in • Member of the Turin Medical Academy of Sciences systolic hypertension and for its logical therapy. J (Accademia di Medicina di Torino). Hypertens. 1995;13(9):943–52. Review. • From September 2003 until December 2006, he was 9. Stergiopulos N, Meister JJ, Westerhof N. Evaluation Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of the of methods for estimation of total arterial compli- Netherlands Heart Foundation. ance. Am J Physiol. 1995;268(4 Pt 2):H1540-8. • In 1996, he received an honorary doctorate from the 10. Stergiopulos N, Segers P, Westerhof N. Use of Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzer- pulse pressure method for estimating total arte- land. rial compliance in vivo. Am J Physiol. 1999;276(2 • In December 2009, he was recipient of the ‘Oeuvre- Pt 2):H424-8. prize’ (the Dusser de Barenne Coin) of the Dutch 11. Westerhof N, Boer C, Lamberts RR, Sipkema P. Physiological Society (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Cross-talk between cardiac muscle and coronary Fysiologie). vasculature. Physiol Rev. 2006;86(4):1263–308. • In October 2011, he received the ‘Lifetime Achieve- Review. ment Award’ of the ARTERY Society. 12. Westerhof N, Lankhaar JW, Westerhof BE. • In May 2014, he was awarded ‘Ridder in de Orde van The arterial Windkessel. Med Biol Engn Comp de Nederlandse Leeuw’ (Knight in the Order of the 2009;47: 131–141. Netherlands Lion). 13. Handoko ML, De Man FS, Oosterveer FP, Bogaard HJ, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Westerhof N. Some Selected Publications A critical appraisal of transpulmonary and dias- tolic pressure gradients. Physiol Rep. 2016;4(17). pii: e12910. https:// doi. org/ 10. 14814/ phy2. 12910. 1. Westerhof, Stergiopulos N, Noble MIM. Snapshots 14. Rol N, Timmer EM, Faes TJ, Vonk Noordegraaf of hemodynamics 2nd ed. Springer Nature 2010. A, Grünberg K, Bogaard HJ,Westerhof N. Vascu- 2. Westerhof N, Bosman F, De Vries CJ, Noordergraaf lar narrowing in pulmonary arterial hypertension A. Analog studies of the human systemic arterial is heterogeneous: rethinking resistance. Physiol tree. J Biomech. 1969;2(2):121–43. Rep. 2017;5(6). pii: e13159.https:// doi. org/ 10. 3. Westerhof N, Elzinga G, Sipkema P. An artificial 14814/ phy2. 13159. arterial system for pumping hearts. J Appl Physiol. 15. Vonk Noordegraaf A, Westerhof BE, Westerhof 1971;31(5):776–81. N. The relationship between the right ventricle 4. Westerhof N, Sipkema P, van den Bos GC, Elzinga and its load in in pulmonary hypertension. J Am G. Forward and backward waves in the arterial sys- Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(2):236–243. Review. tem. Cardiovasc Res. 1972;6(6):648–56. 5. Elzinga G, Westerhof N. Pressure and flow gener - ated by the left ventricle against different imped - ances. Circ Res. 1973;32(2):178–86. S tergiopulos and Segers Artery Research Data availability Not applicable. Declaration Conflict of interest Not applicable. Received: 14 February 2023 Accepted: 16 February 2023 Re Read ady y to to submit y submit your our re researc search h ? Choose BMC and benefit fr ? Choose BMC and benefit from om: : fast, convenient online submission thorough peer review by experienced researchers in your field rapid publication on acceptance support for research data, including large and complex data types • gold Open Access which fosters wider collaboration and increased citations maximum visibility for your research: over 100M website views per year At BMC, research is always in progress. Learn more biomedcentral.com/submissions

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