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[For about four decades, diversity according to types of higher education institutions was among the key characteristics of the higher education systems in many European countries. Some countries are named frequently in publications on higher education systems as having set the agenda for such a move towards a two-type or multi-type structure of higher education systems (see OECD 1973). The British polytechnics were established in the early 1960s. In France, Instituts universitaires de technologie (IUT) were also established in the 1960s as a third type of higher education institution beside the university and the Grandes Écoles (see Bienaymé 1991). The German Fachhochschulen started their programmes in 1971 (see Teichler 1996). Last, but not least, the regional colleges of Norway are often mentioned as early prototypes of an institutional alternative to the university (see Kyvik 1981; Vangsnes and Jordell 1992). At that time, many actors and experts predicted that two-type structures or multi-type structures might spread all over Europe.]
Published: Jan 1, 2008
Keywords: High Education; High Education Institution; Study Programme; High Education System; High Education Policy
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