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[Higher education systems vary across countries and each has undergone a large number of changes over time. Prior to the 1960s, post-secondary education in Western Europe can be described as university-dominated (Scott 1995). Higher education was by and large the province of the universities and university-level specialised colleges. Study programmes such as general teacher training and nursing were normally offered by separate professional schools outside the universities and were not regarded as higher education. The main purpose of post-secondary schools was to offer a wide spectrum of vocational education, either to qualify for a specific occupation or to prepare for a profession. In particular, they were designed to be more practically oriented, thus fulfilling specific needs of the local economy and the welfare state not adequately met by universities (Geiger 1992).]
Published: Jan 1, 2009
Keywords: High Education; Binary System; High Education Institution; Vertical Integration; High Education System
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