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The Genesis of Fluid Mechanics, 1640–1780Application of Fluid Mechanics to Pumps and Turbines

The Genesis of Fluid Mechanics, 1640–1780: Application of Fluid Mechanics to Pumps and Turbines [Pumps for raising water (hydraulic pumps) have been known since antiquity. As Pitot rightly pointed out, ‘pumps occupy the first rank among all the machines used to raise water. Their usefulness and the great and widespread use made of them in all countries has caused many excellent mechanics to work on perfecting them’. They are not the only machines used to raise water, however, and in this respect we ought to remember the waterwheel with buckets and its derivations. However, as opposed to these, pumps enjoyed numerous advantages such as energy yield, size, versatility, etc., which explains the interest devoted to them by the sages of the time. Although descriptions of pumps were frequent, the first analyses subjecting them to theoretical consideration are found in Pitot, even though he mentions previous attempts which, for several reasons, were unsuccessful. We find a precedent in the Hydrodynamica of Daniel Bernoulli, but he refers to somewhat more elemental machines, almost static, rather than pumps, and only makes use of the mechanical law of conservation of energy. Chronologically, studies on pumps progressed from these analyses of Bernoulli, almost within hydrostatics, up to the inclusion of narrowing and losses in movement of the liquid in their interior, clearly within the dominion of hydrodynamics. In this respect we emphasize the works of Pitot, Euler and Borda.] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

The Genesis of Fluid Mechanics, 1640–1780Application of Fluid Mechanics to Pumps and Turbines

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Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Copyright
© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008
ISBN
978-1-4020-6413-5
Pages
453 –492
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4020-6414-2_10
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

[Pumps for raising water (hydraulic pumps) have been known since antiquity. As Pitot rightly pointed out, ‘pumps occupy the first rank among all the machines used to raise water. Their usefulness and the great and widespread use made of them in all countries has caused many excellent mechanics to work on perfecting them’. They are not the only machines used to raise water, however, and in this respect we ought to remember the waterwheel with buckets and its derivations. However, as opposed to these, pumps enjoyed numerous advantages such as energy yield, size, versatility, etc., which explains the interest devoted to them by the sages of the time. Although descriptions of pumps were frequent, the first analyses subjecting them to theoretical consideration are found in Pitot, even though he mentions previous attempts which, for several reasons, were unsuccessful. We find a precedent in the Hydrodynamica of Daniel Bernoulli, but he refers to somewhat more elemental machines, almost static, rather than pumps, and only makes use of the mechanical law of conservation of energy. Chronologically, studies on pumps progressed from these analyses of Bernoulli, almost within hydrostatics, up to the inclusion of narrowing and losses in movement of the liquid in their interior, clearly within the dominion of hydrodynamics. In this respect we emphasize the works of Pitot, Euler and Borda.]

Published: Jan 1, 2008

Keywords: Eighteenth Century; Fluid Mechanic; Fluid Mechanics; Hydraulic Pump; Feed Tank

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