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Marco Stoorvogel speech at the 'Herdenking Elisabeth Brugsma', written by René van Duuren
(1898)
Vrouwelijke tuin- en landschapsarchitecten
bestaan
(1981)
Zedelijkheid En Zelfbeheer: De Huisvesting van Alleenstaande Vrouwen 1850-1965' ['Morality and Self-Management: The Housing of Single Women 1850-1965'] (unpublished master dissertation
M. Bosch (2004)
History and Historiography of Dutch First-Wave Feminism, 1860-1922
J. Pfaus (2011)
A room of one's own.The journal of sexual medicine, 8 2
(1950)
With the objective of socialising gardening, she edited the garden magazine, Onze Eigen Tuin [Our Own Garden], and released the widely known Het vaste planten boek
Ms. Ten Broeke-Hoekstra and Ms. Ten Cate continued to push for the project at the municipal council until construction started in 1955
There was probably one extra flat for the concierge, and two others were empty. Two women lived together in flats 201 and 220, and single women in each of the other flats
(1950)
As we will see, this trend is not applicable to free professions such as architecture; see Marie C. van der Kolf, Zeventig Jaar Vrouwenstudie
(1958)
Report of the Centrale Direktie van de Volkshuisvesting [Central Office of Housing], depending on the Ministry, active from 1958 to 1965, published in
(2016)
Margaret Kropholler (1891–1966)
(1917)
Recording and Reflecting: On AAXX100AA Women in Architecture
The VHBO was founded in 1908 in Amsterdam. Margaret Staal-Kropholler was a student in the 1914-1915 academic year
This was specifically aimed at the Post Office, primary education and the civil service. For a full list of these measures,
Toetreding tot de N. V. Bouwkas Noord-Nederlandse Gemeenten
Onststemming bij bewoners over Dr. El. Brugsmaweg', Het Vaderland
(2017)
Jacoba Froukje Pot-Keegstra (1908 – 1997): Meer Halen Uit Minder
Different housing solutions were envisioned for them. Further, in that period, it was presumed that single mothers 'could not afford' to stay single for long
There was a personal card for each occupant of the building. It included the following details: name, age, number of apartments, and the names of a family member and doctor
(1954)
Women on the city council
Statistics Netherlands (CBS), 'Population; key figures
At that time, unmarried women were not expected to have sex
(1904)
Appendix 3: Legislative Measures Relating to Work of Married Women, 1904-1958'], in Corrie van Eijl, Het werkzame verschil: Vrouwen in de slag om arbeid
Sylvia Paletschek, Bianka Pietrow-Ennker (2004)
Women's Emancipation Movements in the Nineteenth Century : A European Perspective
The first laws against gender discrimination in the Netherlands were the Equal Pay Act (1975) and the Equal Treatment Act for Men and Women (1980)
(2018)
Hingst, Jacoba (1871 – 1950)
(2018)
Mujeres, casas y ciudades. Más allá del umbral [Beyond the Threshold: Women, Houses, and Cities] (Barcelona: Dpr-Barcelona, 2018)
(1955)
Wolkenkrabber flatgebouw voor werkende vrouwen
Patriarcado
(1955)
Uitgifte in erfpacht van grond, gelegen aan de Elisabeth Brugsmaweg
000 (85% of the net price), for a maximun of 50 years and, in any case
(1950)
They amended the statutes in 1949.
(1953)
Tukker, ‘Flat voor vrouwen’ [‘Flat for Women’
(1953)
De flat voor de werkende vrouw’ [‘The Flat for the Working Woman’
This included a system of fines
In Elisabeth Brugsmaflat vonden 145 vrouwen een thuis' ['145 women found a home in the Elisabeth Brugsmaflat
(1950)
In the Netherlands, just 21 women graduated as architects
D. Kaufman (1983)
The Grand Domestic Revolution: A History of Feminist Designs for American Homes, Neighborhoods, and Cities.Dolores HaydenAmerican Journal of Sociology, 88
(1955)
‘ No. 591. Uitgifte in erfpacht van grond, gelegen aan de Elisabeth Brugsmaweg ’ [ ‘ No. 591. Issue in Long Lease of Land, Located on the Elisabeth Brugsmaweg ’
(1999)
Arlette
(1987)
Ongehuwd bestaan, ongehuwde vrouwen in de jaren vijftig
Johan Willem Hindrik Cornelis) en Pot-Keegstra
Smeets-Klokgieters documented in her thesis how a total of 21 women architects graduated in the Netherlands before 1946; see Smeets-Klokgieters
Letter from the EBS to Pot & Pot-Keegstra, asking for their fee once the provisional project was completed, 17 December 1951, POTK175d2
(1997)
Stabdhouden in Delft
(1908)
Academie Van Bouwkunst Amsterdam
Letter from the architects to the BNG, 22 February 1957, POTK175d2
Letter from Westerhout to Pot & Pot-Keegstra
(2000)
(1995)
The Soroptimist movement started in the USA in the 1920s
(2016)
Brugsma, Petronella Elisabeth (1887 – 1945)
(1999)
Female Garden and Landscape Architects in the Netherlands 1898-1998: An Annotated Bibliography with Introductory Essay on the Position of Women in Education and Occupation
Amsterdam, Rotterdam
Hélène Damen and Anne-Mie Devolder
Letter from Koos Pot-Keegstra to Ms. ter Pelkwijk, one of the members of the EBS, in response to her concerns
Daniel Garr, D. Hayden (1982)
The Grand Domestic Revolution: A History of Feminist Designs for American Homes, Neighborhoods, and CitiesThe American Historical Review, 69
After establishing herself as a neurologist in Kortenaerkade, she lived in a spacious house at Groot Hertoginneland 1
Voormalige Ambachtsschool en Middelbare Technische School. Verspronckweg 148-150 Haarlem
(1992)
De prijs van de liefde: de eerste feministische golf, het huwelijksrecht en de vaderlandse geschiedenis [The Price of Love: The First Wave of Feminism, Marital Law and Dutch History
Skyscraper Apartment Building for Working Women
Diana Groffen, A. Haas, E. Kloek (2005)
Online Dictionary of Dutch Women
(1953)
‘ Flat voor vrouwen ’
J. Hoekstra (2017)
Reregulation and Residualization in Dutch social Housing: a critical Evaluation of new Policies, 4
(2018)
Marxismo y feminismo: historia y conceptos
In the 1950s, married women in the Netherlands were assimilated into the fixed ideal of heteronormative family and traditional family housing standards which were the norm; single women were not. Single women represented not only a separate category in post-Second World War society but also a stigmatised one. What was a woman without a man? Women were simply not expected to live alone. In the mid-twentieth century, however, high-rise residential projects were designed to enable women to live independently. Over a period of more than thirty years, Dutch women’s organisations and pioneering women architects made a key contribution to collaboratively develop emancipatory and innovative residential projects in the country’s biggest cities. In 1948, the Elisabeth Brugsma Foundation commissioned the architectural office Pot & Pot-Keegstra to build the Elisabeth Brugsmaflat in The Hague. The process was difficult, and took a long time, before the Elisabeth Brugsmaflat finally opened its doors in 1958. It was an important step to the progressive normalisation of women living independently, and also contributed to the improvement of housing standards for all.
The Journal of Architecture – Taylor & Francis
Published: Apr 3, 2023
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